Exhibit 1.

Sample Means for Infants Born in Highest and Lowest Pollution Zip Codes in California

Variable	Lowest 1/3 Pollution Level	Highest 1/3 Pollution Level
Panel A: Pollution Levels
CO 8-hr level	1.176	2.912
PM10 24-hr level	25.647	54.139
O3 8-hr level	34.837	46.705
Panel B: Birth Outcomes
Infant Mortality Rate per 1000	3.583	4.406
Low Birth Weight per 1000	47.094	49.506
Fetal Death per 1000	3.370	3.840
Panel C: Mother’s Characteristics
Mother African American (%)	0.083	0.083
Mother Hispanic (%)	0.317	0.550
Mother Married (%)	0.725	0.629
Mother Foreign (%)	0.394	0.524
Mother HS Dropout (%)	0.254	0.408
Mother HS Graduate (%)	0.359	0.348
Mother Some College (%)	0.148	0.114
Mother College Graduate (%)	0.239	0.130
Mother Age 19 to 25 (%)	0.304	0.366
Mother Age 26 to 30 (%)	0.281	0.281
Mother Age 31 to 35 (%)	0.233	0.187
Public Health Insurance (%)	0.384	0.495
1st Trimester Prenatal Care (%)	0.816	0.742

SOURCE: Janet Currie and Matthew Neidell (17).

NOTES: The table is calculated using the entire sample of births (4,593,001 births in California over the period 1989–2000, excluding 1998). A unit of observation is the birth, and the pollution levels are the pollution levels in the child’s zip code in the week of birth. The units are: parts per million (ppm) for CO; micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3) for PM10; and parts per billion (ppb) for O3.