Table 5.

In vitro antiproliferative activity of apple extract and compounds

Extract/Compound	Assay used	Cell lines used	Results	References
Apple peel	MTS-based Cell Titer 96 nonradioactive cell proliferation assay	HepG2 Human Liver cancer cell line	IC 50 value 12.4 ± 0.4 mg/mL	Wolfe et al. 2003
Apple extracts	MTS-based cell titer 96 non-radioactive cell proliferation assay	HepG2 Human liver cancer, Caco-2 human colon cancer cells	EC50 value of apple extract against HepG2 and Caco-2 was recorded 56.6 ± 0.29 and 42.5 ± 2.64 mg/mL.	Liu and Sun 2003
Granny Smith apple pomace	MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay	Cervix epitheloid carcinoma (HeLa), colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) cell lines	The IC50 value of extract against HeLa, HT-29 and MCF7 was 26.40, 22.47 and 21.26 mg/mL	Savatovic et al. 2008
Quercetin Quercetin-3-O- D-glucopyranoside	–	HepG2 human liver cancer cells and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells	The EC 50 value of quercetin and Quercetin-3-O- -D-glucopyranoside against HepG2 was 40.9 ± 1.1 and 49.2 ± 4.9 μM and against MCF-7 cells was137.5 ± 2.6 and 23.9 ± 3.9 μM, respectively.	He and Liu 2008
Apple extracts and quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside (Q3G)	Methylene blue assay	MCF-7 human breast cancer cell	The EC50 value of apple extracts and Q3G in inhibiting MCF-7 cell proliferation was 70.7 ± 5.7 mg/ml and 46.4 ± 1.3 μM.	Yang and Liu 2009