Table 1.

Epistemological Beliefs Subscales and Their Reliability

Subscale	Cognitive disposition			Cronbach α
	Naive (1 point)	-------	Sophisticated (5 point)
Certainty of knowledge	Knowledge is absolute	-------	Knowledge is tentative	0.646
Source of knowledge	Knowledge is given by authority	-------	Knowledge is acquired by the learner	0.727
Rigidity of learning	Learning is a process to take objective knowledge	-------	Learning is a constructive process to acquire knowledge by the learner	0.491
Ability to learn	Learning ability is innate	-------	Learning ability can be improved over time and individual effort	0.710
Speed of knowledge acquisition	Learning happens quickly	-------	Learning happens gradually	0.622