Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics by outcome in the case-cohort study
| Characteristics | Cardiovascular Events | Graft Failure | All-Cause Death | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonevents (n=438) | Events (n=291) | Nonevents (n=439) | Events (n=257) | Nonevents (n=423) | Events (n=359) | |
| Age (yr) | 51.1±8.9 | 54.6±9.3 | 51.7±9.2 | 49.4±8.5 | 50.7±8.7 | 55.9±9.6 |
| Women | 174 (40%) | 100 (34%) | 174 (40%) | 90 (35%) | 161 (38%) | 133 (37%) |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 328 (75%) | 221 (76%) | 338 (77%) | 180 (70%) | 317 (75%) | 264 (74%) |
| Black | 81 (18%) | 54 (19%) | 75 (17%) | 60 (23%) | 78 (18%) | 72 (20%) |
| Other | 29 (7%) | 16 (5%) | 26 (6%) | 17 (7%) | 28 (7%) | 23 (6%) |
| Treatment group | ||||||
| High-dose vitamin | 216 (49%) | 147 (51%) | 211 (48%) | 135 (53%) | 211 (50%) | 180 (50%) |
| Low-dose vitamin | 222 (51%) | 144 (49%) | 228 (52%) | 122 (47%) | 212 (50%) | 179 (50%) |
| Location | ||||||
| United States | 298 (68%) | 233 (80%) | 302 (69%) | 217 (84%) | 283 (67%) | 287 (80%) |
| Canada | 52 (12%) | 35 (12%) | 50 (11%) | 26 (10%) | 55 (13%) | 36 (10%) |
| Brazil | 88 (20%) | 23 (8%) | 87 (20%) | 14 (5%) | 85 (20%) | 36 (10%) |
| Graft vintage (yr), median (25th, 75th) | 3.9 (1.8, 7.0) | 4.4 (1.9, 7.9) | 3.8 (1.7, 6.8) | 5.0 (2.3, 8.5) | 3.8 (1.8, 7.1) | 4.4 (1.8, 7.9) |
| Living donor kidney | 193 (44%) | 95 (33%) | 192 (44%) | 82 (32%) | 190 (45%) | 102 (28%) |
| History of CVD | 72 (16%) | 122 (42%) | 83 (19%) | 60 (23%) | 72 (17%) | 121 (34%) |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 147 (34%) | 189 (65%) | 162 (37%) | 116 (45%) | 141 (33%) | 211 (59%) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 214 (49%) | 131 (45%) | 218 (50%) | 118 (46%) | 218 (52%) | 139 (39%) |
| Current | 47 (11%) | 40 (14%) | 52 (12%) | 43 (17%) | 47 (11%) | 51 (14%) |
| Former | 177 (40%) | 120 (41%) | 169 (38%) | 96 (37%) | 158 (37%) | 169 (47%) |
| Calcineurin inhibitor use | 381 (87%) | 265 (91%) | 384 (87%) | 232 (90%) | 373 (88%) | 316 (88%) |
| Sirolimus use | 43 (10%) | 25 (9%) | 43 (10%) | 23 (9%) | 41 (10%) | 41 (11%) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 134.7±19.4 | 143.5±20.8 | 134.8±19.9 | 141.3±19.1 | 135.4±19.8 | 140.8±19.9 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 79.5±12.4 | 77.6±12.6 | 78.9±12.6 | 79.6±11.7 | 79.8±12.5 | 76.6±12.5 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.0±6.0 | 29.7±6.4 | 29.0±6.0 | 29.5±6.7 | 29.0±6.0 | 29.6±6.5 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 46.9±14.4 | 44.9±14.0 | 46.8±13.6 | 45.3±15.8 | 47.4±14.7 | 44.7±14.9 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 103.8±32.3 | 98.3±37.6 | 102.6±32.4 | 107.9±39.6 | 104.3±32.6 | 99.7±36.7 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 198.9±133.9 | 211.4±142.5 | 197.9±127.4 | 219.8±175.1 | 195.7±127.6 | 221.3±156.2 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)a | 46.5±17.6 | 44.1±17.9 | 47.5±17.5 | 38.7±16.5 | 46.6±17.9 | 44.3±18.0 |
| ACR (μg/mg), median (25th, 75th) | 22.3 (8.6, 97.5) | 44.1 (13.6, 234.1) | 20.5 (8.4, 81.9) | 190.2 (42.6, 719.4) | 21.2 (8.4, 95.6) | 57.4 (14.8, 227.0) |
a
Estimated glomerular filtration rate as calculated by the CKD-EPI equation.