Fig 2. A diverse set of pathways contribute to antibiotic resistance.

Fitness-scores from the integrated dataset connected antibiotic resistance to multiple biological pathways. (A) Genes with different resistance mechanisms (target pathway, stress response, drug efflux, detoxification, and drug import) that protect against stresses from the current screen are organized according to mechansim. (B) A heatmap of fitness-scores for translation related genes. Sensitivities of deletions of various translation associated factors distinguish between drug families targeting translation. Sensitivities to aminoglycosides (gentamicin), macrolides (clarithromycin), tetracyclines (tetracycline), chloramphenicol, and tRNA synthetase inhibitors (pseudomonic acid A and serine hydroxamate) are shown. Fitness-scores from the integrated dataset that were determined in Nichols et al. [8] are marked with an asterisk (*). (C) A heatmap of fitness-scores for genes related to drug efflux and detoxification. Multiple drugs from the new screen were connected with the major efflux pump of E. coli, AcrAB-TolC.