Table 3. Factors associated with longitudinal health-related quality of life (n = 151).
| Characteristic | Physical HRQoL | Mental HRQoL | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable model | Multivariable model | Univariable model | Multivariable model | |||||
| coeff. (95% CI) | p value | coeff. (95% CI) | p value | coeff. (95% CI) | p value | coeff. (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age >34 (vs ≤34 yrs) | -1.25 (-3.64, 1.15) | 0.307 | – | – | -0.62 (-3.43, 2.21) | 0.671 | – | – |
| Female gender (vs male) | 0.70 (-1.83, 3.22) | 0.590 | – | – | -1.11 (-4.09, 1.87) | 0.465 | – | – |
| Caucasian ethnicity (vs other) | 1.38 (-2.77, 5.54) | 0.514 | – | – | 4.89 (0.14, 9.64) | 0.044 | 3.41 (0.78, 6.05) | 0.011 |
| Tertiary education or greater (vs lesser) | 2.79 (0.44, 5.14) | 0.020 | 3.98 (1.92, 5.87) | <0.001 | 0.95 (-1.88, 3.78) | 0.510 | – | – |
| Regular employment (vs irregular/none) | 2.69 (1.04, 4.33) | 0.001 | 2.99 (1.48, 4.50) | <0.001 | 2.33 (0.93, 4.57) | 0.041 | – | – |
| Accommodation stable (vs unstable) | 1.40 (-1.09, 3.88) | 0.272 | – | – | 2.32 (-1.22, 5.88) | 0.198 | – | – |
| Social functioning, higher vs lower1 | 2.80 (0.77, 4.83) | 0.007 | – | – | 8.42 (6.02, 10.8) | <0.001 | 7.17 (5.52, 8.82) | <0.001 |
| OST, current (vs none) | 0.98 (-1.21, 3.17) | 0.382 | – | – | 0.76 (-2.26, 3.78) | 0.621 | – | – |
| Injecting drug use, ever (vs never) | -0.62 (-3.43, 2.19) | 0.665 | – | – | -6.72 (-9.89, -3.54) | <0.001 | -4.81 (-6.72, -2.91) | <0.001 |
| Injecting drug use, in last 6mo (vs none) | 0.37 (-2.36, 3.10) | 0.791 | – | – | -5.89 (-8.96, -2.81) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Injecting drug use, in last 1mo (vs none) | -0.07 (-1.77, 1.62) | 0.933 | – | – | -4.13 (-6.39, -1.87) | <0.001 | – | – |
| Sharing needles/equipment (vs none) | 0.55 (-1.76, 2.85) | 0.643 | – | – | -1.10 (-4.57, 2.37) | 0.534 | – | – |
| Alcohol use in last month (vs none) | 2.01 (0.43, 3.59) | 0.013 | – | – | 2.23 (0.02, 4.46) | 0.048 | – | – |
| Alcohol >2 drinks/day, last month (vs ≤2) | 3.16 (1.10, 5.22) | 0.003 | 3.73 (1.83, 5.64) | <0.001 | 0.69 (-2.32, 3.69) | 0.654 | – | – |
| Major depression current (vs none) | -2.52 (-4.04, -1.00) | 0.001 | -2.84 (-4.20, -1.49) | <0.001 | n/a2 | n/a2 | – | – |
| HIV co-infected (vs uninfected) | -0.44 (-3.03, 2.15) | 0.742 | - 1.78 (-3.84, 0.28) | 0.090 | 2.76 (-0.23, 5.75) | 0.071 | -1.16 (-2.91, 0.59) | 0.195 |
| Symptomatic acute HCV (vs asymptomatic) | -1.61 (-4.39, 1.17) | 0.256 | – | – | 0.29 (-2.88, 3.45) | 0.859 | – | |
| Treatment (vs no treatment) | 0.17 (-2.45, 2.79) | 0.901 | -1.38 (-3.41, 0.64) | 0.181 | 1.56 (-1.53, 4.66) | 0.322 | 1.61 (-0.08, 3.31) | 0.062 |
| Among treated: | ||||||||
| On-treatment (vs at baseline) (n = 111) | -4.13 (-5.30, -2.96) | <0.001 | -4.90 (-6.33, -3.48) | <0.0013 | -3.64 (-4.88, -2.40) | <0.001 | -3.71 (-5.55, -1.86) | <0.0013 |
| Post-treatment (vs at baseline) (n = 111) | 0.08 (-1.09, 1.25) | 0.895 | – | – | -1.25 (-2.48, -0.02) | 0.047 | 0.06 (-1.16, 2.44) | 0.4853 |
| HCV clearance (SVR or spontaneous) (vs persisting viraemia) | -0.28 (-2.73, 2.18) | 0.824 | – | – | -1.20 (-4.11, 1.71) | 0.419 | – | – |
| IFNL4 genotype CC (vs non-CC) | 1.21 (-1.08, 3.51) | 0.300 | – | – | 2.35 (-0.52, 5.21) | 0.109 | – | – |
1OTI score <10 vs ≥15)
2Omitted as covariate due to co-linearity.
3Treatment (vs no treatment) used in final model. Sensitivity analysis substituted on-treatment/post-treatment (vs baseline), adjusting for same covariates.
OST, opiate substitution therapy; coeff, adjusted co-efficient.