TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the original study population (n = 594)
| Variables | non-MetS (n = 445) | MetS (n = 149) | Pf |
| Age, y | 64.1 (5.2) | 65.5 (5.1) | 0.004 |
| Age at menarche, y | 13.7 (1.5) | 14.0 (1.6) | N.S. |
| Age at menopause, y | 50.6 (3.2) | 50.3 (3.7) | N.S. |
| Years after menopause, y | 13.5 (6.3) | 15.2 (6.7) | 0.004 |
| No. of deliveries, times | 2.4 (0.6) | 2.4 (0.6) | N.S. |
| Age at first delivery, y | 23.8 (3.0) | 23.5 (3.5) | N.S. |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 22.1 (2.9) | 25.6 (3.0) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 80.0 (8.2) | 90.1 (7.1) | <0.0001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 124.4 (18.9) | 141.4 (18.0) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 71.5 (10.9) | 79.2 (9.8) | <0.0001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dLa | 76.0 (27-226) | 111.0 (45-441) | <0.0001 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 124.9 (29.3) | 126.1 (31.5) | N.S. |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 75.3 (16.3) | 64.8 (15.6) | <0.0001 |
| Non–HDL-cholesterol, mg/dLb | 141.4 (31.1) | 150.0 (33.3) | 0.004 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dLa | 95.0 (57-173) | 104.0 (77-230) | <0.0001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (NGSP), %a | 5.6 (4.9-8.6) | 5.8 (5.1-9.9) | <0.0001 |
| On hypertensive medication, yesc | 109 (24.5%) | 80 (53.7%) | <0.0001 |
| On lipid-lowering medication, yesc | 118 (26.5%) | 55 (36.9%) | 0.02 |
| On diabetic medication, yesc | 18 (4.0%) | 30 (20.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Current smoker, yesc | 9 (2.0%) | 2 (1.3%) | N.S. |
| Any current alcohol intake, yesc,d | 89 (20.4%) | 33 (22.3%) | N.S. |
| Dietary energy intake, kcal/d | 1598.2 (249.9) | 1592.4 (249.0) | N.S. |
| Daily physical activity, METs × h/dc,e | 12.1 (0-79.5) | 11.1 (0-69.0) | N.S. |
Reported as mean (SD) unless stated otherwise.
HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MetS, metabolic syndrome; METs, Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; N.S., not significant.
aReported as median (range). Range (minimum-maximum).
bNon–HDL-cholesterol was calculated by subtracting HDL-cholesterol from total cholesterol.
cReported as numbers (percentage).
dInformation on alcohol intake was missing in nine participants.
eInformation on daily physical activity was missing in four participants.
fStudent's t test was used for comparisons of group means. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparisons of triglyceride, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and daily physical activity. Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions. P < 0.05 was considered significant.