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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Apr 16;99(6):600–611. doi: 10.1002/cpt.363

Figure 1. The myriad of variables in HIV microbiome studies may confound study results.

Figure 1

Many factors influence the intestinal microbiome throughout the course of HIV infection and treatment. An individual’s microbiome at baseline, before infection, will influence HIV-associated changes. These HIV-associated alterations themselves are influenced by the course of infection as well as any co-infection and treatment. In turn, these changes are further influenced by each patient’s course of ART. As a result, these confounding factors may hide ART-associated microbiome changes.