Table 2.

Associated conditions and procedures by age at diagnosis

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Adjusted P-value
n	19	11	7
Diabetes history
Maternal diabetes	8 (42.1%)	4 (36.4%)	2 (28.6%)	0.98
Family history of diabetes	4 (21.1%)	2 (18.2%)	0	1.00
Symptoms and findings at presentation and diagnosis*
Recurrent UTI	2 (10.5%)	4 (36.4%)	3 (42.9%)	0.63
Febrile UTI	3 (15.8%)	5 (45.5%)	3 (42.9%)	0.67
Reflux	0	2 (18.2%)	1 (14.3%)	0.63
Retention	0	0	0	N/A
Urinary incontinence	2 (10.5%)	3 (27.3%)	3 (42.9%)	0.65
Frequency/urgency	0	1 (9.1%)	1 (14.3%)	0.75
Constipation	2 (10.5%)	5 (45.5%)	2 (28.6%)	0.63
Fecal incontinence	0	1 (9.1%)	0	0.91
No symptoms	12 (63.2%)	2 (18.2%)	0	0.10
Unknown	2 (10.5%)	2 (18.2%)	1 (14.3%)	1.00
Associated congenital anomalies**
ENT	3 (15.8%)	1 (9.1%)	1 (14.3%)	1.00
Eye	1 (5.3%)	0	1 (14.3%)	0.91
Pulmonary	2 (10.5%)	1 (9.1%)	0	1.00
Hematologic	0	0	0	N/A
Cardiovascular	5 (26.3%)	1 (9.1%)	0	0.77
Gastrointestinal	13 (68.4%)	9 (81.8%)	3 (42.9%)	0.75
Hepatobiliary	1 (5.3%)	0	0	1.00
Musculoskeletal	13 (68.4%)	4 (36.4%)	2 (28.6%)	0.63
Metabolic/endocrine	1 (5.3%)	0	0	1.00
CNS	6 (31.6%)	1 (9.1%)	3 (42.9%)	0.75
Skin	1 (5.3%)	0	0	1.00
Neoplasia	0	1 (9.1%)	0	0.91
Surgical procedures for congenital gastrointestinal, orthopedic, and urology anomalies
Urologic	0	4 (36.4%)	4 (57.1%)	0.06
Gastrointestinal	1 (5.3%)	0	0	1.00
Orthopedic	0	1 (9.1%)	0	0.91
Urologic and gastrointestinal	4 (21.1%)	4 (36.4%)	2 (28.6%)	0.98
Urologic and orthopedic	4 (21.1%)	1 (9.1%)	1 (14.3%)	1.00
Gastrointestinal and orthopedic	0	0	0	N/A
Urologic, Gastrointestinal, and Orthopedic	8 (42.1%)	1 (9.1%)	0	0.59
No surgical procedures recorded	2 (10.5%)	0	0	0.98

^*Presenting symptoms of patients, with many patients having more than one symptom.

^**Incidence of concurrent congenital anomalies by organ system. Patients may have more than 1 system involved.