Table 3.

Bladder emptying and maintenance of bladder outcome initial management of bladder emptying

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	Adjusted P-value
n	19	11	7
Initial management of bladder emptying*
CIC	4 (21.1%)	4 (36.4%)	2 (28.6%)	0.98
Anti-cholinergic	3 (15.8%)	5 (45.5%)	2 (28.6%)	0.75
Alpha-blocker	0	0	0	N/A
Surgery	2 (10.5%)	0	1 (14.3%)	0.98
Other	0	1 (9.1%)	0	0.91
None	12 (63.2%)	4 (36.4%)	1 (14.3%)	0.63
Most recent method of bladder emptying**
Voiding	7 (36.8%)	3 (27.3%)	2 (28.6%)	1.00
CIC	13 (68.4%)**	8 (72.7%)	5 (71.4%)	1.00
via urethra	9 (47.4%)	7 (63.6%)	3 (42.9%)	0.98
via continent cutaneous stoma	3 (15.8%)	1 (9.1%)	2 (28.6%)	0.98
route unknown	1 (15.3%)	0	0	1.00
Incidence of urologic procedures for maintenance of bladder outcome***
Number of patients with procedures	13	9	7
Vesicostomy	1 (5.3%)	1 (9.1%)	1 (14.3%)	1.00
Ureteral reimplant	7 (36.8%)	8 (72.7%)	2 (28.6%)	0.63
Bladder augmentation	5 (26.3%)	1 (9.1%)	4 (57.1%)	0.63
Continent catheterizable stoma	3 (15.8%)	1 (9.1%)	3 (42.9%)	0.75
Bladder outlet (sling, reconstruction, AUS)	6 (31.6%)	2 (18.2%)	3 (42.9%)	0.91
Recent assessment of upper urinary tract and level of renal function
Last reported renal ultrasound
No hydronephrosis	13 (68.4%)	5 (45.5%)	3 (42.8%)	0.90
Unilateral hydronephrosis	4 (21.1%)	4 (36.4%)	1 (14.3%)	0.98
Bilateral hydronephrosis	2 (10.5%)	1 (9.1%)	2 (28.6%)	0.91
Unknown	0	1 (9.1%)	1 (14.3%)	0.75
Last VCUG or RNC
No reflux	15 (78.9%)	8 (72.7%)	6 (85.7%)	1.00
Unilateral reflux	3 (15.8%)	0	1 (14.3%)	0.91
Bilateral reflux	0	3 (27.3%)	0	0.58
Unknown	1 (5.3%)	0	0	1.00
Reflux Grade (range)	1–2	1–5	2
Recent Serum creatinine (ng/dl)
Median	0.4	0.4	0.55	0.91
IQR	0.3–0.5	0.4–0.7	0.4–0.8	0.91

^*Patients may be managed by more than one treatment approach

^**One patient utilized voiding and CIC

^***Patients may have undergone more than one surgical procedure