Table 3.

Baseline characteristics, imaging, and clinical outcomes based on the operationally defined TAL etiologies.

	TAL etiologies
	IST (n=40)	Non-IST (n=123)	p-value
Age, year	65.5 (55.0–71.5)	68.0 (58.0–75.0)	0.268
Male	27 (67.5%)	63 (51.2%)	0.072
Baseline NIHSS score	14.5 (9.3–18.0)	16.0 (12.0–20.0)	0.006
Baseline DWI ASPECTS	8.0 (7.0–9.0)	8.0 (6.0–9.0)*	0.657**
Vascular risk factors
Hypertension	32 (80.0%)	79 (64.2%)	0.063
Dyslipidemia	14 (35.0%)	55 (44.7%)	0.280
Diabetes mellitus	10 (25.0%)	28 (22.8%)	0.771
Atrial fibrillation	0 (0%)	78 (63.4%)	0.000
Current smoking	23 (57.5%)	33 (26.8%)	0.000
Excellent collaterals (grade 4)	15 (37.5%)	24 (19.5%)	0.021
Onset-to-puncture time, min	354.5 (236.3–513.5)	240.0 (150.0–330.0)	0.000**
EVT procedure time, min	61.5 (35.5–79.8)	30.0 (14.0–58.0)	0.000**
Instant reocclusion	16 (40.0%)	5 (4.1%)	0.000
Degree of TAL stenosis at follow-up MRA/CTA			0.000
None	1 (2.5%)	73 (59.3%)
Mild (<50%)	2 (5.0%)	36 (29.3%)
Moderate (50–69%)	15 (37.5%)	11 (8.9%)
Severe (70–99%)	14 (35.0%)	2 (1.6%)
Occlusion	8 (20.0%)	1 (0.8%)
3-month favorable outcome	25 (62.5%)	82 (66.7%)	0.630
Symptomatic ICH	0 (0%)	3 (2.4%)	1.000**
Mortality at 3-month	2 (5.0%)	4 (3.3%)	0.636**

Numbers are median (interquartile range) or number (%).

^*2 cases were excluded for DWI ASPECTS analysis due to no baseline DWI.

^**Fisher exact test or Mann-Whitney U test

NIHSS=National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; DWI ASPECTS=diffusion-weighted imaging Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score; EVT=endovascular therapy; TAL=target arterial lesion; MRA=MR angiography; CTA=CT angiography; ICH=intracranial hemorrhage.