Table 4.

Etiologies of back pain resulting from spinal pathology

Common pediatric cancers associated with spinal pathology	Less common pediatric cancers associated with spinal pathology	Treatment-induced spinal pathology	Other etiologies to consider
Lymphoma	Metastatic disease from solid tumors	Radiation-induced myelopathy	Osteomyelitis
Disseminated neuroblastoma	Leukemic expansion of the vertebrae	Radiation-induced meningioma	Spinal abscess
Ewing's sarcoma	Leptomeningeal disease	Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor agents causing diffuse bone pain	Post lumbar puncture epidural hematoma
		Intrathecal chemotherapy-induced arachnoiditis	Referred pain from bowel obstruction
		Methotrexate-associated acute transverse myelitis	Retroperitoneal tumor
		Cytarabine-associated acute transverse myelitis	Pleural effusion
		Long-term, high dose steroid induced epidural lipomatosis	Avascular necrosis of the hips in the setting of chronic steroid use
			Musculoskeletal pain