Table 1.

Description of Early Adult Reduction of weight through LifestYle intervention (EARLY) studies

	CHOICES	CITY	e-Moms Roc	IDEA	SMART	SNAP	TARGIT
Institutions, PIs Grant #s	University of Minnesota, L. Lytle U01 HL096767	Duke University, L. Svetkey U01 HL096720	Cornell University, C. Olson University of Rochester, I.D. Fernandez U01 HL 096760	University of Pittsburgh, J. Jakicic S. Belle (RCU) U01 HL 096770	University of California San Diego, K. Patrick U01 HL 096715	Brown University, R. Wing University of North Carolina, D. Tate U01 HL 090864	University of Tennessee, K. Johnson U01 HL096628
Primary outcome (2 years post randomization)	Weight gain prevention BMI change	Weight loss Weight change	Unhealthy gestational weight gain Unhealthy postpartum weight retention	Weight loss Weight change	Weight loss Weight change	Weight gain prevention Weight change (at 3 years, but at 2 years for cross-study analyses)	Weight gain prevention during smoking cessation Weight change
Major inclusion criteria	BMI 20-<35 kg/m2 Age 18–35 yrs	BMI 25-<40 kg/m2 Age 18–35 yrs	BMI 18-<35 kg/m2 Age 18–35 yrs	BMI 25-<40 kg/m2 Age 18–35 yrs	BMI 25-<40 kg/m2 Age 18–35 yrs	BMI 21–30 kg/m2 Age 18–35 yrs	BMI 20-<40 kg/m2 Age 18–35 yrs
Target Population Description Sample size	Community (2 year) college students 441 (2 arms)	Overweight/obese young adults 365 (3 arms)	Pregnant women 1680 (3 arms)	Overweight/obese young adults 478 (2 arms)	Overweight/obese 4 year college students 404 (2 arms)	Young adults 600 (3 arms)	Young adult smokers 330 (2 arms)
Recruitment Site(s)	2 year colleges: Minneapolis-St. Paul MN	College campuses, community health centers, community: Central NC	Clinics, private practices that deliver in one of 4 hospitals: Rochester, NY	Community: Pittsburgh, PA	College campuses: San Diego County, CA	Community: Providence, RI and Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, NC	Community: Memphis, TN
Interventions: Brief Descriptions	Students are randomized to intervention or control. Intervention begins with a 1-credit college course focused on behaviors important in weight control. A web-based social network site designed for this research and focusing on weight and behavioral tracking and goal setting is introduced during the class and continues for 24 months. The control group receives standard public health information on maintaining a healthy weight.	Participants are randomized to one of three conditions: 1) cell phone based intervention; 2) personal coaching plus cell phones for self monitoring; 3) control group. The cell phone technology includes self- monitoring weight, diet and physical activity. The coaching condition includes both group and personalized coaching. The control group receives usual care.	Pregnant women are randomized to one of three conditions: 1) intervention only during pregnancy; 2) intervention during pregnancy and post partum; and 3) control group. Both intervention arms receive intervention strategies through cell phones and internet. Control group receives non- weight related health information on a website.	Participants are randomized to one of two conditions: 1) standard behavioral weight control program (SBWP) and 2) an enhanced weight loss intervention (EWLI). Both groups receive a previously tested behavioral weight loss treatment involving face to face meetings and supportive phone calls. Participants randomized to the SBWP also receive text messages and access to a website to track behaviors. Participants in the EWLI receive text messages, access to the website and a wearable monitor to assess energy expenditure and activity.	Students are randomized to one of two conditions: intervention and control. Intervention students receive theory-based content on physical activity, diet, calories and weight management strategies through text messaging, emails, Facebook, websites, and apps. Control students receive access to a study website with general health information.	Participants are randomized to one of three conditions: 1) large change intervention; 2) small change intervention; and 3) control. The goal of Large Changes is to lose 5–10 pounds to buffer against the weight gain that often occurs during young adulthood. Small Changes focusses on daily small changes in diet and activity to reduce the chance of weight gain. Both interventions begin with 10 face to face groups followed by a web, and mobile intervention through 3 years. Participants submit weight and receive feedback via web, sms and email. Refresher campaigns are delivered online. The control group receives usual care.	Participants are randomized to either intervention or control. Those randomized to the intervention receive access to a tobacco quit line plus a behaviorally focused weight gain prevention program using interactive technologies that include phone calls, iPod touch with smoking cessation apps and behavioral tracking, webinars and a study website. The control condition receives access to the tobacco quit line.