Table 3.

Description of Lifestyle Interventions for Expectant Moms (LIFE-Moms) studies

	Healthy Beginnings	LIFT	PEARLS	MOMFIT	PREGO	Expecting Success	LIFE-Moms Phoenix
Institutions, PIs Grant #s	California Polytechnic Institute State University and Brown University Suzanne Phelan Rena Wing U01 HL114377	St. Luke’s—Roosevelt Xavier Pi‐Sunyer Dympna Gallagher U01 DK094463	University of Puerto Rico Kaumudi Joshipura Paul Franks U01 HL072834	Northwestern University Linda Van Horn Alan Peaceman U01 HL114344	Washington University in St. Louis Sam Klein Debra Haire‐Joshu Kelle Moley U01 DK094416	Pennington Biomedical Research Center Leanne Redman Corby Martin U01 DK094418	Phoenix Indian Medical Center William Knowler HSSN276201300001C
Primary outcome (2 years post randomization)	Weight gain per week within IOM guidelines	Newborn percent body fat	Weight gain per week within IOM guidelines	Weight gain	Weight gain not exceeding IOM guidelines	Weight gain per week exceeding IOM guidelines	Weight gain
Major inclusion criteria	≥18 years Singleton, viable pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 Gestational age 9 weeks 0 days to 15 weeks 6 days	18–40 years Singleton, viable pregnancy 25 kg/m2 ≤BMI ≤35 kg/m2 Gestational age 9 weeks 0 days to 15 weeks 6 days	≥18 years Singleton, viable pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 Gestational age 9 weeks 0 days to 15 weeks 6 days	18–45 years Singleton, viable pregnancy 25 kg/m2 ≤BMI <40 kg/m2 Gestational age 9 weeks 0 days to 15 weeks 6 days	18–45 years Singleton, viable pregnancy 25 kg/m2 ≤BMI ≤45 kg/m2 Gestational age 9 weeks 0 days to 15 weeks 6 days African-American Socioeconomically disadvantaged	18–40 years Singleton, viable pregnancy 25 kg/m2 ≤BMI <40 kg/m2 Gestational age 9 weeks 0 days to 13 weeks 5 days	≥18 years Singleton, viable pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 Gestational age 9 weeks 0 days to 15 weeks 6 days
Sample size	175/arm	105/arm	200/arm	150/arm	133/arm	102/arm	100/arm
Recruitment Site(s)	Various OB practices servicing major delivery hospitals in San Luis Obispo and Women and Infants Hospital	Various OB practices and clinics whose patients deliver at St Luke’s Roosevelt	University of Puerto Rico Hospital	Prentice Ambulatory Care and other practices whose patients deliver at Prentice Women’s Hospital	Women’s Health Clinic at Washington University	Various OB practices and clinics whose patients deliver at Women’s Hospital Baton Rouge	Women’s Clinic at PIMC
Interventions: Brief descriptions	Antepartum Individual counseling sessions; meal replacement product provided; weight graphing with feedback; weekly educational/ behavior change materials. Guidance on ways to maintain success postpartum.	Antepartum Individual counseling sessions with specific curriculum for diet modification and physical activity, with behavioral support strategies and social support. additional phone/e-mail contacts for support. Group sessions as needed.	Antepartum Individual and group counseling session, phone calls regarding improving diet and promoting regular movement and minimizing sedentary behavior; certain food products provided, e.g., brown rice; cooking demo and exercise during group sessions.	Antepartum Group sessions, phone coaching and electronic contact focusing on modified DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) and moderate physical activity. Ongoing and electronic contact and feedback from lifestyle coach.	Antepartum Home visits using the Parents as Teachers Model (PAT), incorporating an integrated diet and exercise lifestyle program, focusing on control of weight gain reflecting the philosophy of PAT (family strength, child development, parental modeling, parent–child interaction).	Antepartum Group and individual sessions at the clinic with curriculum focused on diet and exercise and behavioral principles to foster adherence to the IOM Same lessons delivered by Smartphone; 1st and last sessions in person. Smartphone transmits data which generates feedback to participants.	Antepartum Group or individual sessions focusing on individualized managed weight gain goals through caloric and fat gram recommendations, daily physical activity such as walking, reducing use of automation and reducing time spent in sedentary behaviors.
		Postpartum Up to 1 year group classes to aid in weight loss, adjust to parenthood, support lactation Individual support as needed	Postpartum Up to 1 year Group sessions focusing on breastfeeding, physical activity, quality of the diet for the infant, and feeding practices; monthly calls	Postpartum Up to 18 months 1 group and 2 individual sessions, focusing on weight loss, DASH diet in context of breast-feeding, infant feeding including transition to “Baby DASH”-type diet. Materials e-mailed	Postpartum Up to 1 year Home visits focusing on goal of returning to pre-pregnancy weight, focusing on issues of relevance and problem-solving Also focus on positive child-feeding behaviors and interactive parent–child activities.