Figure 2.

Interoceptive modeling. In Figure 1 we represented the interoceptive matrix (IM) as a set of static triangles, for convenience. Nevertheless, IM is fluid and dynamic, thus it can be better represented through a series of waves. In a healthy (A) subject, the landscape constantly changes while in a chronic pain (B) subject the signature of the pain is resiliently distributed across time, disrupting the access to other interoceptive information (fading background waves). Interoceptive modeling applies to a chronic pain subject (t1) and proposes to feed an external input (EF) to compensate (t2) the interoceptive primary representation of chronic pain. The concept is similar to counterphase modulation of sound waves, where two waves cancel each other (t3). To avoid prediction errors, the procedure will start mimicking the chronic interoceptive pattern and slowing modeling the feed through counterphase information. IM adapted from The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Astronomy.