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. 2016 Feb;52:120–131. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.10.007

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Effect of BGOS supplementation on cytokine levels in the frontal cortex, 28 h after LPS or saline injections. (A) There was a significant diet × treatment interaction, and cortical IL-1β levels in Water/LPS mice were significantly greater than in BGOS/LPS and Water/Sal animals. Bars indicate significant group differences after post hoc (Bonferroni) analysis. (B) There was no diet × treatment interaction for TNF α levels, though a main effect of BGOS (not indicated) and LPS (indicated by bars) alone were observed. (C) There were neither a diet × treatment interaction nor a main effect of BGOS for IL-6 concentrations, but an effect of LPS was observed (indicated by bars). (D) There were neither a diet × treatment interaction nor main effects of BGOS or LPS on IL-10 concentrations. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05. n = 12 mice/group for Water/SAL and BGOS/SAL; n = 11 mice/group for Water/LPS and BGOS/LPS.