Table 1.
Socio-demographic, clinical and neurological characteristics of the sample
| PD (n = 37) | HC (n = 15) | Statistic | p | |
| Age | 67.97 (6.17) | 65.07 (7.01) | t = 1.479 | 0.146 |
| Gender (Male) | 22 (59.5%) | 11 (73.3%) | X2 = 0.886 | 0.526 |
| Years of education | 10.24 (4.81) | 12.27 (4.30) | t = –1.415 | 0.163 |
| Marital State | ||||
| Married | 30 (81.1%) | 13 (86.7%) | X2 = 3.635 | 0.304 |
| Single | 1 (2.7%) | 0% | ||
| Widowed | 06 (16.2%) | 1 (6.7%) | ||
| Divorced | 0% | 1 (6.7%) | ||
| Handedness | ||||
| Right handed | 33 (89.2%) | 0.15 (100%) | X2 = 1.757 | 0.311 |
| Ambidextrous | 04 (10.8%) | 0% | ||
| Geriatric Depression Scale | 2.57 (2.80) | 1.20 (1.37) | t = 1.796 | 0.079 |
| Neuropsychiatric Inventory | 3.46 (4.07) | – | – | – |
| Side of disease onset | ||||
| Right side of the body | 14 (37.8%) | – | – | – |
| Left side of the body | 21 (56.8%) | – | ||
| UPDRS | ||||
| Mental State | 1.86 (1.47) | – | – | – |
| Daily Living Activities | 10.28 (6.27) | – | – | – |
| Motor Exam | 21.72 (10.29) | – | – | – |
| Treatment complications | 2.75 (2.88) | – | – | – |
| Total Score | 36.61 (17.27) | – | – | – |
| LEDD | 808.59 (536.81) | – | – | – |
| Years of Disease Evolution | 6.96 (5.61) | – | – | – |
| Hoehn &Yahr | 1.89 (0.45) | – | – | – |
| Stage 1 | 05 (13.5%) | – | – | – |
| Stage 1.5 | 3 (8.1%) | – | – | – |
| Stage 2 | 26 (70.3%) | – | – | – |
| Stage 2.5 | 1 (2.7%) | – | – | – |
| Stage 3 | 2 (5.4%) | – | – | – |
Values are expressed as the mean (SD) unless otherwise noted. PD = Parkinson’s disease; HC = Healthy controls; SD = Standard Deviation; UPDRS = Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale; LEDD = Levodopa Equivalent Daily Dose.