Table 2.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline for total cohort and by disease severity
| Characteristica | Mild ADb | Moderate ADc | MS/S ADd | p-valuee | Total cohort | |
| N = 566 | N = 472 | N = 457 | N = 1,495 | |||
| Sex, n (%) female | 271 (47.9) | 269 (57.0) | 279 (61.1) | <0.001 | 819 (54.8) | |
| Age, years | 77.3 (6.94) | 77.8 (7.99) | 77.6 (8.12) | ns | 77.6 (7.65) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | ns | |||||
| Married/cohabiting | 423 (74.7) | 321 (68.2) | 332 (72.6) | 1076 (72.0) | ||
| Widowed | 121 (21.4) | 132 (28.0) | 108 (23.6) | 361 (24.2) | ||
| Divorced/separated | 14 (2.5) | 11 (2.3) | 11 (2.4) | 36 (2.4) | ||
| Never married | 8 (1.4) | 7 (1.5) | 6 (1.3) | 21 (1.4) | ||
| Living location, n (%) | ns | |||||
| Urban | 437 (77.2) | 362 (76.9) | 332 (72.6) | 1131 (75.7) | ||
| Rural | 129 (22.8) | 109 (23.1) | 125 (27.4) | 363 (24.3) | ||
| Living in own home, n (%) | 553 (97.9) | 448 (94.9) | 427 (93.8) | 0.015 | 1428 (95.7) | |
| Living alone in own home, n (%) | 103 (18.6) | 102 (22.8) | 48 (11.2) | <0.001 | 253 (17.7) | |
| Years of education | 11.1 (3.32) | 10.1 (2.94) | 10.0 (3.02) | <0.001 | 10.4 (3.15) | |
| Time since AD diagnosis, years | 1.7 (2.00) | 2.1 (2.04) | 3.1 (2.40) | <0.001 | 2.2 (2.23) | |
| Patients with comorbiditiesf, n (%) | 426 (75.3) | 345 (73.1) | 330 (72.2) | ns | 1101 (73.6) | |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.5 (1.20) | 1.4 (1.22) | 1.4 (1.26) | ns | 1.4 (1.22) | |
| Experienced a fall in last 3 months, n (%) | 60 (10.6) | 60 (12.7) | 76 (16.7) | 0.009 | 196 (13.1) | |
| AD medication use, n (%) | <0.001 | |||||
| No AD medication | 87 (15.4) | 65 (13.8) | 60 (13.2) | 212 (14.2) | ||
| AChEI only | 413 (73.0) | 322 (68.2) | 242 (53.1) | 977 (65.4) | ||
| Mementine only | 40 (7.1) | 43 (9.1) | 69 (15.1) | 152 (10.2) | ||
| AChEI+Memantine | 26 (4.6) | 42 (8.9) | 85 (18.6) | 153 (10.2) | ||
| MMSE total score (range 0–30) | 23.3 (1.62) | 17.9 (1.67) | 9.5 (4.28) | <0.001 | 17.4 (6.34) | |
| ADAS-cog 14 total score (range 0–90)g | 30.4 (7.84) | 40.7 (9.25) | NA | <0.001 | 35.1 (9.95) | |
| ADCS-ADL score (range 0–78) | 58.4 (14.15) | 48.3 (15.35) | 29.9 (17.23) | <0.001 | 46.5 (19.47) | |
| NPI 12 scoreh | 10.2 (10.74) | 14.3 (12.62) | 22.0 (19.44) | <0.001 | 15.1 (15.27) | |
| EQ-5D health index score (proxyh)i | 0.71 (0.24) | 0.64 (0.27) | 0.51 (0.34) | <0.001 | 0.63 (0.30) | |
| EQ-5D VAS (proxyh) | 66.0 (18.46) | 64.4 (19.40) | 58.7 (22.85) | <0.001 | 63.3 (20.41) |
aData presented as mean (SD) unless indicated otherwise. Percentages reported are for patients with data available for each specific variable. Amounts of missing data were: Marital status (n = 1), living location (n = 1), living accommodation (n = 3), living alone in own home (n = 67), experienced a fall (n = 2), ADAS-cog 14 (n = 12), ADCS-ADL (n = 8), NPI-12 (n = 5), EQ-5D (n = 15). bMild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) = Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 21–26 points. cModerate AD = MMSE 15–20 points. dModerately severe/severe (MS/S) AD = MMSE<15 points. ep-values are for the comparison between AD severity groups with adjustments for country effects (ANOVA for continuous variables and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test for categorical variables). fComorbidities considered were depression, epilepsy, stroke, ischemic cardiac disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, urinary tract disorder and obstructive pulmonary disease; recorded as yes/no. gADAS-cog (Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale) was not measured in patients with MS/S AD (MMSE <15 points). ADAS-cog 14 total score was available for 1,026 patients. hAssessed by caregivers. iUK population based. AChEI, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; ADCS-ADL, Alzheimer’s Disease Co-operative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 Dimensions; NA, not assessed; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; ns, not significant (p < 0.05); VAS, visual analog scale.