Table 1.

showing studies of definitive bladder radiotherapy

Randomised controlled trials
Study	n	Stage	Radiosensitiser	Protocol	Radiotherapy	CR rate	Results
James et al. 2012 [18]	360	T2-T4a N0	Mitomycin and 5-Fluorouracil	Concomitant chemoradiotherapy (5-fluorouracil-mitomycin) Versus Radiotherapy alone	64 Gy in 32 fractions over 6.5 weeks or 52.5 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks to the Bladder	–	OS (5 years): 48% Vs 35% (p = 0.16)CSS (2 years): 67% Vs 54% (p = 0.03)
Hoskins et al. 2010 [19]	333	T2-T4aT1G3	Carbogen plus Nicotinamide	Radiotherapy + nicotinamide Versus Radiotherapy alone	64 Gy in 32 fractions over 6.5 weeks or 55 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks to the Bladder	81% vs 76% (p = 0.3)	OS (3 years): 59% Vs 46% (p = 0.04)CSS (3 years): 54% Vs 43% (p = 0.06)
Coppin et al. 1996 [21]	99	T2-T4b N0	Cisplatin	Radiotherapy alone versus Radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin	40 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks to the pelvis followed by 20 Gy in 10 fractions over 2 weeks to the bladder	47% vs 31%	OS (3 years): 47% Vs 33% (NS)LRR rate (5 years): 40 Vs 59% (p = 0.04)
Housset et al. 1993 [8]	54	T2-T4a N0/N1	Concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil)	24 Gy in 8 fractions to the pelvis over 17 days, 2 fractions per day followed by 20 Gy to the bladder in 8 fractions over 17 days, 2 fractions per day	74%	Overall survival (3 years) 59% specific survival (3 years): 62%
List of non randomised trials
Study	n	Stage	Radiosensitiser	Protocol	CR rate	Result
RTOG 85-12 1993 [10]	47	T2-4, N0-2/Nx	Concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin)	40 Gy in 20 fractions to the pelvis over 4 weeks with cisplatin day 1 and 21 followed by 24 Gy in 12 fractions to the bladder over 2.5 weeks with 3rd dose of cisplatin	66%	Overall survival (3 years): 64% radical cystectomy: 21%
RTOG 95-06, 2000 [11]	34	T2-T4a N0/Nx	Concurrent chemoradiation (cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil)	24 Gy in 8 fractions to the pelvis over 17 days, 2 fractions per day followed by 20 Gy to the bladder in 8 fractions over 17 days, 2 fractions per day	67%	Overall survival (3 years): 83% radical cystectomy: 29%
RTOG 97-06, 2003 [9]	47	T2-T4a, N0	Concomitant chemoradiotherapy (cisplatin) + adjuvant chemotherapy (CMV)	40.8 Gy in 12 fractions to the bladder and 21.6 Gy in 12 fractions to the pelvis followed by consolidation of 24 Gy in 16 fractions over 10 days with two fractions per day	74%	Overall survival (3 years): 61% radical cystectomy: 25%

n: number of participants; CR: complete response; OS: overall survival; CSS: Cause specific survival; NS: non significant.