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. 2016 Jun 30;6:28737. doi: 10.1038/srep28737

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Scanning electron micrograph of the small intestine of mock-infected (a) and C. jejuni-infected infant rabbit (b) at 24 h postinoculation. Boxed area of (b) is magnified in (c) to show the C. jejuni like bacteria colonizing the epithelial surface. Scale bar = 100 μm. The small intestine of C. jejuni-infected infant rabbit are also observed by transmission electron micrograph at 12 h (d–e), 24 h (f–g), 36 h (h) and 60 h (i) postinoculation. No C. jejuni are observed in lumen (L) and brush border (bb) remain intact at 12 h postinoculation (d), scale bar = 2 μm. Higher magnification image of (d) showing the tight junctions (Tj) and desmosomes remain intact (e), scale bar = 0.5 μm. Cluster of C. jejuni (CJ) locate in a cavity below the normal level of the surrounding epithelium when 24 h postinoculation (f), note the brush border of adjacent cells remain intact. Scale bar = 2 μm. At the same time, epithelium is destroyed and intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) infiltrating are observed (g), scale bar = 2 μm. C. jejuni locates at the base of a necrotic epithelial cell (n.e. cell), with more bacteria in the intestinal lumen at 36 h (h), scale bar = 2 μm. Following a severe inflammatory infiltrate of intraepithelial lymphocytes are observed at 60 h postinoculation (i), scale bar = 5 μm.