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. 2016 Jun 30;6:28793. doi: 10.1038/srep28793

Figure 6.

Figure 6

(a) Simulation of the differential output Inline graphic as a function of the relative phase retardation φ, with the crystals aligned at 45° (α = 45°). Inline graphic almost linearly reaches to the maximum/minimum when |φ| increases from 0 to ~ 0.22π, then turns backwards towards 0 as |φ| further increases to π. (b) Simulated image of a MSU crystal with larger diameter (2 μm) compared to Figs 4 and 5. The effect of the nonlinearity is manifested by the hollow appearance of the simulated images. Nevertheless, the intense (bright/dark) edges provide enough contrast for crystal detection and identification.