Figure 3.

Long-term memory is rescued by mGluR antagonist treatment in fragile X flies. (A) Long-term memory (4 days post training) was measured in WT and FS flies that were administered vehicle control food or drug treatments contained in the food. Memory Index (±the error) was plotted; Ns are indicated above each bar for all groups. The levels of significance are ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001, and are generated from comparisons of same genotype, same treatment between LTM trained and sham trained flies. Filled bars indicate WT males; open bars indicate FS males. Flies were raised on regular food and starting on the 1st day of adulthood placed on either vehicle control food containing DMSO vehicle or food supplemented with either 400 nM LY341495 or 8.6 μM MPEP. With vehicle treatment, FS males did not display long term memory. FS flies treated with LY341495 or MPEP did demonstrate long term memory. WT flies treated with either vehicle, MPEP or LY341495 demonstrated long term memory. (B) LY341495 rescues the olfactory-based long-term memory defect observed in dfmr1 mutants. Flies were fed LY341495 or vehicle in the food for 9 days prior to spaced training. Long-term memory of olfactory conditioning after spaced training was significantly improved in FS mutants after being administered LY341495. The levels of significance are indicated as follows: ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001. No effect of treatment was observed in WT controls.