Table 1. Preoperative Baseline Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients.
| Parameters | All patients | Preoperative mild MR | Preoperative moderate or severe MR | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 47.4 ± 12.2 | 45.9 ± 12.2 | 48.5 ± 12.2 | 0.112 |
| Males | 57.8 (134/232) | 64.4 (65/101) | 52.7 (69/131) | 0.082 |
| NYHA functional class | 0.931 | |||
| I | 0 (0/232) | 0 (0/101) | 0 (0/131) | |
| II | 10.8 (25/232) | 9.90 (10/101) | 11.5 (15/131) | |
| III | 82.8 (192/232) | 83.2 (84/101) | 82.4 (108/131) | |
| IV | 6.46 (15/232) | 6.93 (7/101) | 6.11 (8/131) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 19.8 (46/232) | 18.8 (19/101) | 20.6 (27/131) | 0.744 |
| Symptom | ||||
| Dyspnea | 90.5 (210/232) | 87.1 (88/101) | 93.1 (122/131) | 0.174 |
| Angina | 38.4 (89/232) | 44.6 (45/101) | 33.6 (44/131) | 0.103 |
| Palpitation | 40.5 (94/232) | 38.6 (39/101) | 42.0 (55/131) | 0.686 |
| Dizziness | 45.3 (105/232) | 50.5 (51/101) | 41.2 (54/131) | 0.184 |
| Syncope | 29.3 (68/232) | 31.7 (32/101) | 27.5 (36/131) | 0.561 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| Max septum thickness (mm) | 25.5 ± 6.49 | 25.5 ± 6.68 | 25.4 ± 6.37 | 0.968 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm) | 41.7 ± 7.19 | 40.4 ± 6.69 | 42.7 ± 7.44 | 0.018 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 41.2 ± 5.06 | 40.7 ± 4.81 | 41.5 ± 5.22 | 0.232 |
| LVEF (%) | 73.5 ± 6.90 | 73.8 ± 7.97 | 73.2 ± 5.97 | 0.559 |
| LVOTPG (mmHg) | 92.2 ± 26.4 | 87.1 ± 27.1 | 96.1 ± 25.4 | 0.009 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 65.4 ± 5.50 | 66.2 ± 5.90 | 64.8 ± 5.12 | 0.054 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 111 ± 12.4 | 112 ± 11.7 | 110 ± 12.9 | 0.253 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 68.8 ± 8.99 | 69.2 ± 9.07 | 68.5 ± 8.96 | 0.565 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.52 ± 0.99 | 4.45 ± 0.95 | 4.58 ± 1.01 | 0.314 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.62 ± 1.18 | 1.70 ± 1.42 | 1.57 ± 0.96 | 0.412 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.76 ± 0.84 | 2.70 ± 0.86 | 2.81 ± 0.82 | 0.351 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.16 ± 0.35 | 1.13 ± 0.31 | 1.19 ± 0.37 | 0.219 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.08 ± 0.82 | 5.07 ± 0.93 | 5.09 ± 0.73 | 0.857 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 73.4 ± 18.5 | 73.5 ± 20.9 | 73.4 ± 16.4 | 0.972 |
| Hypertension | 24.6 (57/232) | 18.8 (19/101) | 29.0 (38/131) | 0.091 |
| Diabetes | 5.60 (13/232) | 5.94 (6/101) | 5.34 (7/131) | 1.000 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%)a | 7.47 ± 1.29 | 7.38 ± 1.30 | 7.60 ± 1.47 | 0.812 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)a | 6.85 ± 1.58 | 6.82 ± 2.35 | 6.88 ± 0.62 | 0.948 |
| CRBBB | 3.88 (9/232) | 3.96 (4/101) | 3.82 (5/131) | 1.000 |
| I atrioventricular block | 5.17 (12/232) | 5.94 (6/101) | 4.58 (6/131) | 0.767 |
| PTSMA history | 6.46 (15/232) | 10.9 (11/101) | 3.05 (4/131) | 0.028 |
| Use of medication before admission | ||||
| Anti-HCM drugs | 100 (232/232) | 100 (101/101) | 100 (131/131) | |
| β-blocker | 99.1 (230/232) | 100 (101/101) | 98.5 (129/132) | 0.506 |
| Diltiazem | 32.3 (75/232) | 31.7 (32/101) | 32.8 (43/131) | 0.888 |
| Diureticsb | 7.8 (18/232) | 6.9 (7/101) | 8.4 (11/131) | 0.806 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | ||||
| ACE inhibitors | 8.2 (19/232) | 9.9 (10/101) | 6.9 (9/131) | 0.472 |
| Dihydropyridine derivatives | 8.6 (20/232) | 10.9 (11/101) | 6.9 (9/131) | 0.347 |
| Diureticsc | 5.6 (13/232) | 3.0 (3/101) | 7.6 (10/131) | 0.156 |
| Anti-diabetic drugs | ||||
| Insulin | 1.3 (3/232) | 2.0 (2/101) | 0.8 (1/131) | 0.581 |
| Oral anti-diabetic drugs | 5.2 (12/232) | 5.9 (6/101) | 4.6 (6/131) | 0.767 |
| Isolated myectomy | 70.3 (163/232) | 67.3 (68/101) | 72.5 (95/131) | 0.469 |
| Concomitant mitral valve procedure | 0.302 | |||
| None | 95.7 (222/232) | 98.0 (99/101) | 93.9 (123/131) | |
| Mitral valvuloplasty | 1.29 (3/232) | 0 (0/101) | 2.29 (3/131) | |
| Mitral valve replacement | 3.02 (7/232) | 1.98 (2/101) | 3.82 (5/131) | |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; CRBBB, complete right bundle branch block; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; LVEDD, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVOTPG, left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient; MR, mitral regurgitation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PTSMA, percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation.
Values are shown as mean ± SD or % (n/N).
aValues for patients with diabetes only.
bDiuretics for patients with heart failure and water sodium retention.
cDiuretics for patients with hypertension.