Figure 6. Iron and heme species in untreated and drug-treated trophozoites exposed to varying concentrations of chloroquine or other antimalarials at 2.5-times their respective IC50 values.
Parasites were synchronized with sorbitol and cultured for 32 h with or without drug. Fraction of total heme present as (A) free heme and (B) hemozoin. Asterisks indicate statistical significance relative to control (two-tailed t-test): *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, n = 3 except for P where n = 6. (C) Parasite survival curve (yellow circles, left axis) determined using the lactate dehydrogenase assay.
CQ: Chloroquine; P: Pyrimethamine; SP: Sulfanilamide–pyrimethamine.
This figure can be viewed in full color at: www.future-science.com/doi/full/10.4155/FMC.13.113
Reproduced with permission from [75] © American Chemical Society.