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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 30.

Published in final edited form as: Chem Rev. 2007 Dec 21;108(1):264–287. doi: 10.1021/cr078199m

Scheme 11 — Synthesis of Ningalin A (73)^a

^a Reagents and conditions: (i) Bu₃SnCCSnBu₃,(Ph₃P)₄Pd, 79%; (ii) 176, 87%; (iii) Zn, HOAC, 63%; (iv) HCl·EtOAc, 94%; (v) DBU, 100%; (vi) BBr₃, 96%. (Reprinted with permission from ref 68. Copyright 1999 American Chemical Society.)