Table 1.
Characteristics of schools, students, and staff at baseline
| Control | Intervention | All schools | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| School characteristics | ||||
| N | 21 | 21 | 42 | |
| Urban location | 8 (38·1%) | 7 (33·3%) | 15 (35·7%) | |
| Prevalence of violence (%), mean (SD)* | 54·3 (11·7) | 52·8 (13·1) | 53·6 (12·3) | |
| Student characteristics | ||||
| N | 1882 | 1824 | 3706 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 13·0 (1·5) | 13·1 (1·5) | 13·0 (1·5) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1010 (53·7%) | 927 (50·8%) | 1937 (52·3%) | |
| School class | ||||
| 5 | 703 (37·4%) | 739 (40·5%) | 1442 (38·9%) | |
| 6 | 697 (37·0%) | 644 (35·3%) | 1341 (36·2%) | |
| 7 | 482 (25·6%) | 441 (24·2%) | 923 (24·9%) | |
| Disability | ||||
| Some disability | 142 (7·5%) | 129 (7·1%) | 271 (7·3%) | |
| Meals eaten previous day | ||||
| 1 meal | 250 (13·3%) | 266 (14·6%) | 516 (13·9%) | |
| 2 meals | 743 (39·5%) | 700 (38·4%) | 1443 (38·9%) | |
| 3+ meals | 888 (47·2%) | 858 (47·0%) | 1746 (47·1%) | |
| Hours of work each day | ||||
| Less than 1 h | 788 (42·1%) | 635 (34·9%) | 1423 (38·6%) | |
| 1–2 h | 780 (41·7%) | 868 (47·8%) | 1648 (44·7%) | |
| More than 2 h | 304 (16·2%) | 314 (17·3%) | 618 (16·8%) | |
| Mode of transport to school | ||||
| Other | 62 (3·4%) | 77 (4·3%) | 139 (3·8%) | |
| Walking alone | 440 (23·9%) | 450 (25·2%) | 890 (24·6%) | |
| Walking with someone you know | 1161 (63·2%) | 1153 (64·6%) | 2314 (63·9%) | |
| Board at school | 175 (9·5%) | 104 (5·8%) | 279 (7·7%) | |
| Absence from school in previous week | ||||
| 1 or more days missed | 347 (19·0%) | 425 (23·5%) | 772 (21·2%) | |
| Staff characteristics | ||||
| N | 304 | 273 | 577 | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 35·1 (8·7) | 33·8 (8·3) | 34·5 (8·6) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 177 (58·2%) | 161 (59·0%) | 338 (58·6%) | |
| Tribe | ||||
| Muganda | 196 (64·5%) | 166 (60·8%) | 362 (62·7%) | |
| Religion | ||||
| Roman Catholic | 87 (28·7%) | 74 (27·3%) | 161 (28·0%) | |
| Anglican | 94 (31·0%) | 103 (38·0%) | 197 (34·3%) | |
| Pentecostal | 54 (17·8%) | 42 (15·5%) | 96 (16·7%) | |
| Seventh Day Adventist | 34 (11·2%) | 15 (5·5%) | 49 (8·5%) | |
| Muslim | 34 (11·2%) | 37 (13·7%) | 71 (12·4%) | |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 64 (21·1%) | 73 (26·9%) | 137 (23·8%) | |
| In a relationship | 23 (7·6%) | 26 (9·6%) | 49 (8·5%) | |
| Married / living together | 204 (67·1%) | 159 (58·7%) | 363 (63·1%) | |
| Divorced / separated / widowed | 13 (4·3%) | 13 (4·8%) | 26 (4·5%) | |
| Housing | ||||
| Own | 112 (36·8%) | 87 (32·0%) | 199 (34·5%) | |
| Rented | 91 (29·9%) | 73 (26·8%) | 164 (28·5%) | |
| Live somewhere without paying | 25 (8·2%) | 15 (5·5%) | 40 (6·9%) | |
| Employer pays | 74 (24·3%) | 95 (34·9%) | 169 (29·3%) | |
| Other | 2 (0·7%) | 2 (0·7%) | 4 (0·7%) | |
All statistics are n (%) unless otherwise specified. There was slightly more missing data on school absence in the control than in intervention arm of the study (2·9% vs 0·9%). For all other measures, the quantity of missing data was low (<3% for students; <1% for staff) and similar in both study groups.
*
Mean of school means of proportion of students reporting physical violence from school staff in the past week.