Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes at baseline
| Control (1882 students; 304 staff) | Intervention (1824 students; 273 staff) | All schools (3706 students; 577 staff) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical violence | |||
| Student self-reported past week physical violence at school | 54·6% (1028/1882) | 52·7% (962/1824) | 53·7% (1990/3706) |
| School staff self-reported past week use of physical violence | 43·1% (131/304) | 39·9% (109/273) | 41·6% (240/577) |
| Mental health and wellbeing | |||
| SDQ total difficulties score | 0·47 (0·26) | 0·46 (0·27) | 0·47 (0·27) |
| School wellbeing | 10·9 (2·5) | 10·9 (2·5) | 10·9 (2·5) |
| Educational performance | |||
| Word recognition in English (words per min) | 47·0 (24·8) | 45·3 (25·8) | 46·2 (25·3) |
| Word reading in English | 49·8 (18·3) | 47·2 (20·5) | 48·5 (19·4) |
| Reading comprehension in English | 3·1 (1·5) | 2·9 (1·5) | 3·0 (1·5) |
| Word recognition in Luganda (words per min) | 23·8 (15·7) | 22·6 (15·9) | 23·2 (15·8) |
| Word reading in Luganda | 27·1 (18·5) | 25·9 (18·8) | 26·5 (18·7) |
| Reading comprehension in Luganda | 2·4 (1·5) | 2·1 (1·5) | 2·2 (1·5) |
| Silly sentences test | 20·1 (10·1) | 21·2 (11·7) | 20·6 (10·9) |
| Spelling in English | 7·9 (5·0) | 8·0 (6·0) | 8·0 (5·5) |
| Written numeracy | 24·4 (7·3) | 25·0 (7·7) | 24·7 (7·5) |
Data are % (n/N) and mean (SD). There were slightly more missing data on reading comprehension in Luganda in the control than in the Intervention arm (12·2% vs 9·3%). More than 8% of students had missing data for word reading in Luganda, but the quantity of missing data was similar in both study arms (8·7% vs 8·4%). For all other measures, the quantity of missing data was low (<6%) and similar in both study arms. For the educational performance assessments which were administered at class level (silly sentences, spelling in English, and written numeracy) data from a total of 5786 students was included in the analysis (control 3139; intervention 2647). Students' experience of past term physical violence is not reported, as this question was not asked at baseline.