Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of hip fracture patients. Patients are stratified by centre and delirium status
| Centre | Delirium status during hospital stayh | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oslo (n = 85) | Edinburgh (n = 54) | p value | Delirium (n = 64) | No delirium (n = 73) | p value | |
| Age, median (range) | 84 (60–96) | 83 (61–95) | 0.18 | 85 (66–96) | 82 (60–96) | 0.02 |
| Male (%) | 19 (22) | 17 (32) | 0.23 | 19 (30) | 17 (23) | 0.40 |
| IQCODE, median (IQR)a | 3.66 (3.06–4.18) | 3.00 (3.00–3.27) | <0.001 | 3.81 (3.08–4.80) | 3.03 (3.00–3.31) | <0.001 |
| Delirium during hospital stay (%) | 43 (51)h | 21 (39) | 0.16 | |||
| Independent in ADL (%)b | 36 (42) | 49 (91) | <0.001 | 28 (44) | 56 (77) | <0.001 |
| Living in an institution (%)c | 30 (35) | 0 | <0.001 | 21 (33) | 7 (10) | 0.001 |
| Presence of infection and/or cancer pre-operatively (%) | 11 (13) | 11 (20) | 0.24 | 12 (19) | 10 (13.7) | 0.42 |
| APACHE II score, median (IQR)d | 9 (7.3–10) | 8 (6.8–10) | 0.03 | 9 (8–10) | 8 (7–10) | 0.10 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.66 | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.06 |
| Use of NSAIDs and/or ASA | 23 (27) | 23 (43) | 0.06 | 22 (34) | 24 (33) | 0.85 |
| Time from admission to surgery in hours, median (IQR)e | 28.6 (19.8–42.5) | 35 (23–45.5) | 0.10 | 36.1 (23.0–46.4) | 27.4 (19.8–39.5) | 0.02 |
| Length of stay, days median (IQR) | 10 (7–14) | 20 (13–51) | <0.001 | 13 (8–21.5) | 11 (8–17) | 0.52 |
| Serum neopterin, median (IQR) nmol/mLf | 28.6 (23.4–41.9) | 36.1 (24.2–49.2) | 0.13 | 37.0 (26.2–51.1) | 27.1 (22.6–40.7) | 0.003 |
| CSF neopterin, median (IQR) nmol/mLg | 25.1 (20.1–37.6) | 25.9 (20.8–33.0) | 0.76 | 29.6 (22.3–40.4) | 24.7 (19.4–30.6) | 0.003 |
IQCODE informant questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly, IQR interquartile range, ADL activities of daily living, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, NSAIDs non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, ASA acetylsalicyclic acid
aIQCODE was missing in 1 patient in Oslo and 4 in Edinburgh
bBarthel ADL ≥19 (Oslo) or Katz ≥5 (Edinburgh)
cNursing home residents were excluded in Edinburgh
dArterial blood gas and haematocrit omitted from formula. Missing in one patient in Oslo
eWaiting time for surgery was missing in three patients from Edinburgh. One patient in Oslo did not undergo surgery
fIn six patients from Edinburgh, it was not possible to measure neopterin in serum due to an insufficient sample volume
gIn two patients from Oslo, it was not possible to measure neopterin in CSF due to an insufficient sample volume
hDelirium status was uncertain in 2 patients in Oslo