| E-max Press® (E): (lithium disilicate ceramic, Ivoclar Vivadent, MO2 lot no. 4312 |
| 9.5% Hydroflouric acid: Ceram Etch, Gresco product Int |
| Silane (S): Calibra, Silane Coupling Agent, Dentsply, Caulk. Lot no.070307) |
| Composite Blocks And luting agent: Filtek Z350 XT, Hybrid filler particles, Universal Restorative, 3M ESPE, Shade A1E, Lot no. 8CU |
| Aquasil soft putty: Polyvinylsiloxane impression material, Caulk, Dentsply |
| Cyanoacrylate adhesive: Zapit, Dental ventures Inc, CA, USA |
| Curing light: Bluephase ® C8, Ivoclar Vivadent, AG, Schaan / Liechtenstein |
| Hot pressing furnaces: Multimat 2 (Dentsply) and Programat P300 (Ivoclar Vivadent, AG, Schaan / Liechtenstein) |
| SiC abrasive coated paper & Aluminutesa: Mark V Laboratory, East Granby, CT, USA |
| Isomet 1000: Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA |
| Microtensile tester: Bisco Inc., Virginia, USA. |
| Scanning electron microscope: XL 30CP, Phillips |