| Prophylactic mastectomy |
Up to 90% reduction in breast cancer risk (Hartmann et al., 1999, 2001; Meijers-Heijboer et al., 2001) |
| Prophylactic oophorectomy |
∼50% reduction in breast cancer risk when performed premenopausally (more pronounced effect for BRCA2 mutation carriers compared to BRCA1) (Kauff et al., 2002, 2008) up to 96% reduction in ovarian cancer risk (Olopade & Artioli, 2004; Rebbeck et al., 2002; Rutter et al., 2003) |
| Tamoxifen |
Up to 62% reduction in breast cancer risk among BRCA2 mutation carriers; up to 50% contralateral breast cancer risk reduction in both BRCA1 and BRCA2; limited data but appears to be more effective in BRCA2mutation carriers compared to BRCA1 (King et al., 2001; Metcalfe et al., 2005; Narod et al., 2000) |
| Oral contraceptives |
Up to 50% reduction in ovarian cancer risk (Iodice et al., 2010) |
| Breast MRI/mammogram |
No risk reduction, but earlier detection (Kuhl et al., 2010; Sardanelli et al., 2011; Warner et al., 2011) |
| Ovarian cancer screening (transvaginal ultrasound and serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125)) |
No risk reduction and no effect on cancer mortality (Buys et al., 2011; Clarke-Pearson, 2009) |
