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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015 Dec 8;16(3):317–330. doi: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1118460

Table 1.

Application of pluripotent stem cells in constructing tissue-engineered vascular grafts

Cell Source Implanted Cell Type Scaffold Animal Model Implantation Site Duration (weeks) Reference
mESCs SM22á-LacZ selected SMCs Macroporous nanofibrous PLLA Nude mouse SQ 2 [35]
miPSCs SMCs Macroporous nanofibrous PLLA Nude mouse SQ 2 [34]
miPSCs Differentiated mixture Nonwoven PGA mesh with P(CL/LA) sealant SCID mouse Interior vena cava interposition 10 [102]
hESCs MSCs Nonwoven PGA mesh * N/A * N/A 8 [109]
hiPSCs SMCs Macroporous nanofibrous PLLA Nude mouse SQ 2 [36]
hiPSCs MSCs Nonwoven PGA mesh * N/A * N/A 8 [110]
hPiPSCs SMCs, ECs Decellularized vessel SCID mouse Carotid artery interposition 3 [107,108]

Abbreviations: ECs: endothelial cells; hESCs, human embryonic stem cells; hiPSCs, human induced pluripotent stem cells; hPiPSCs, human partially-induced pluripotent stem cells; mESCs, mouse embryonic stem cells; miPSCs, mouse induced pluripotent stem cells; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; PLLA, poly(L-lactide); PGA, poly(glycolic acid); P(CL/LA), poly(å-caprolactone and L-lactide); SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency; SMCs, smooth muscle cells; SQ, subcutaneous

*

in vitro bioreactor culture