Table 1.
Cell Source | Implanted Cell Type | Scaffold | Animal Model | Implantation Site | Duration (weeks) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mESCs | SM22á-LacZ selected SMCs | Macroporous nanofibrous PLLA | Nude mouse | SQ | 2 | [35] |
miPSCs | SMCs | Macroporous nanofibrous PLLA | Nude mouse | SQ | 2 | [34] |
miPSCs | Differentiated mixture | Nonwoven PGA mesh with P(CL/LA) sealant | SCID mouse | Interior vena cava interposition | 10 | [102] |
hESCs | MSCs | Nonwoven PGA mesh | * N/A | * N/A | 8 | [109] |
hiPSCs | SMCs | Macroporous nanofibrous PLLA | Nude mouse | SQ | 2 | [36] |
hiPSCs | MSCs | Nonwoven PGA mesh | * N/A | * N/A | 8 | [110] |
hPiPSCs | SMCs, ECs | Decellularized vessel | SCID mouse | Carotid artery interposition | 3 | [107,108] |
Abbreviations: ECs: endothelial cells; hESCs, human embryonic stem cells; hiPSCs, human induced pluripotent stem cells; hPiPSCs, human partially-induced pluripotent stem cells; mESCs, mouse embryonic stem cells; miPSCs, mouse induced pluripotent stem cells; MSCs, mesenchymal stem cells; PLLA, poly(L-lactide); PGA, poly(glycolic acid); P(CL/LA), poly(å-caprolactone and L-lactide); SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency; SMCs, smooth muscle cells; SQ, subcutaneous
in vitro bioreactor culture