Table 1. Tissues with detectable HIV or SIV during ART with suppression of plasma virus.
| Tissue | HIV-DNA | HIV-RNA | Protein/Antigen | Virus (EM) | Infectious Virus | Compartmentalization from blood |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lymph nodes | X | X | X | X | Some but not all studies | |
| Spleen | X (SHIV, SIV) | X (SHIV, SIV) | No | |||
| Bone marrow | X | |||||
| Thymus | +/- (1 of 6 SHIV-infected macaques) | Some evidence | ||||
| Liver | X (macrophages) | X | Yes (one study) | |||
| Gut | X | X | X (macrophages) | Some but not other studies | ||
| Nervous system | X | X (brain, CSF) | Yes (multiple reports) | |||
| Lung | X | X | Yes (one study) | |||
| Heart | ||||||
| Kidney | X | X (3mo ART) | X | Yes (one study) | ||
| Male reproductive tract | X (SIV) | X (SIV; human genital secretions) | Most but not all studies | |||
| Female reproductive tract | X (genital secretions) | X (genital secretions) | Most but not all studies | |||
| Placenta | X (mast cells) | X (mast cells) | ||||
| Breast and breast milk | X | X | X | No | ||
| Skin | ||||||
| Adipose tissue | X | X |
Adapted from Yukl S and Wong J, Anatomic compartments as a barrier to HIV cure, 2015 [143]