Table 3.
Brain injury
| High-dose caffeine (n = 37) | Standard-dose caffeine (n = 37) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Any intraventricular hemorrhage, n(%) | 10 (27) | 12 (32) | 0.61 |
| Grade III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage, n(%) | 4 (11) | 4 (11) | >0.99 |
| Periventricular leukomalacia, n(%) | 3 (8) | 2 (5) | 0.78 |
| White matter injury, n(%) | 2 (7) | 4 (14) | 0.75 |
| Cortical gray matter injury, n(%)a | 0 | 0 | >0.99 |
| Deep gray matter injury, n(%)a | 0 | 2 (7) | 0.49 |
| Cerebellar hemorrhage, n(%)a | 10 (36) | 3 (10) | 0.03 |
| Focal unilateral | 2 (7) | 1 (3) | |
| Focal bilateral | 4 (14) | 1 (3) | |
| Extensive unilateral | 3 (11) | 0 | |
| Extensive bilateral | 1 (4) | 1 (3) | |
| Death or cerebellar hemorrhage, n(%)b | 17 (49) | 8 (23) | 0.03 |
a
Diagnoses based on magnetic resonance images at term equivalent age obtained in 28 high-dose infants and 30 standard-dose infants.
b
Analysis includes infants who died before discharge or underwent magnetic resonance imaging at term equivalent age (35 high-dose infants and 35 standard-dose infants).