Table 5. Echocardiography results.
| Variable | Cases (n = 67) COPD | Controls (n = 67) Smokers, non-COPD | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| LV dilatation, n, % | 1 (1·5%) | 0 | 1·00 |
| LV hypertrophy, n, % | 14 (20·9%) | 13 (19·4%) | 1·00 |
| LV hypokinesis, n, % | 6 (8·9%) | 3 (4·4%) | 0·49 |
| LV systolic dysfunction, n, % | 3 (4·5%) | 1 (1·5%) | 0·61 |
| LV relaxation pattern, n, % | 0·35 | ||
| Normal | 36 (53·7%) | 39 (58·2%) | |
| Abnormal | 29 (43·3%) | 23 (34·3%) | |
| Pseudonormal | 2 (2·9%) | 5 (7·4%) | |
| Restrictive | 0 | 0 | |
| RV dilatation, n, % | 4 (5·9%) | 1 (1·5%) | 0·36 |
| RV dysfunction, n, % | 0 | 0 | - |
| Valvular dysfunction, n, % | 3 (4·5%) | 3 (4·5%) | 0·67 |
| IVC dilatation, n, % | 0 | 0 | - |
| LVDD, mm | 45·6 ± 7·2 | 46·5 ± 4·9 | 0·42 |
| LVSD, mm | 28·1 ± 9·0 | 28·7 ± 4·9 | 0·65 |
| IVS, mm | 11·8± 11·1 | 10·2 ± 1·7 | 0·27 |
| LVPW, mm | 9·4 ± 2·2 | 9·5 ± 1·9 | 0·71 |
| LVSF, % | 35·9 ± 4·5 | 37·5 ± 5·0 | 0·07 |
| LVEF, % | 64·8 ± 7·4 | 67·1 ± 6·2 | 0·05 |
| SPAP, mmHg* | 27·4 ± 6·2 | 26·5 ± 3·4 | 0·46 |
| E/E’ | 8·4 ± 2·1 | 8·4 ± 2·6 | 0·95 |
| LA, mm | 33·6 ± 6·7 | 36·2 ±4·1 | 0·01 |
| TAPSE, mm | 22·4 ± 2·9 | 23·0 ± 3·4 | 0·27 |
LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle; IVC: inferior vena cava; LVDD: left ventricle diastolic diameter; LVSD: left ventricle systolic diameter; IVS: interventricular septum (diastole); LVPW: left ventricle posterior wall; LVSF: left ventricle shortening fraction; LVEF: left ventricle ejection; SPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; LA: left atrial size; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion.
*Tricuspid regurgitation signal was adequate for SPAP measurement in 38 cases and 42 controls.