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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 30.
Published in final edited form as: Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2014 Oct 3;298(3):546–553. doi: 10.1002/ar.23053

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Muscle dilator nasi in rats deflects the nose. A, electrical stimulation of the left dilator nasi induces retraction of the nose and lateral deflection towards the side of stimulation. Gray bars indicate stimulus trains. B, recording of nose movements, muscle dilator nasi EMG (raw recording in grey and smoothed rectified EMG in green), and respiration (inspiration up) in a head-fixed alert rat. Video frames in C correspond to time points labeled 1 and 2 in B. Nose movement was tracked from images of the rhinarium reflected in a mirror placed at an angle of 45° in front of the rat. Red circles show the displacement of the reference point used to track nose motion.