. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 30.

Published in final edited form as: CNS Spectr. 2015 Aug;20(4):346–354. doi: 10.1017/S1092852915000036

TABLE 2.

fMRI studies of error-processing in pediatric obsessive compulsive and anxiety disorders: a summary of the published literature

Study	Age (yrs)	Patient type	Design	Paradigm	Main results
Wooley et al., 2008⁶⁴	12–16 (boys only)	OCD	Group comparison: OCD (n = 10) v HC (n = 9)	Stop Task	Decreased activation in mesial frontal gyrus, reaching laterally into left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventrally into anterior cingulate gyrus in OCD compared to HC for Stop Failure minus Go trials.
Fitzgerald et al., 2010⁴⁰	8–19	OCD	Group comparison: OCD (n = 15) v HC (n = 12)	MSIT	Increased activation in ventral medial prefrontal cortex in OCD compared to HC for error minus correct trials (across incongruent and congruent trials).
Huyser et al., 2011⁵⁴	8–19	OCD	Before/after CBT: OCD (n = 25/24) v HC (n = 25/22)	Flanker (arrow)	Increased activation in anterior cingulate cortex and right insula at older ages in OCD compared to HC before and after treatment for error minus correct trials (across incongruent and congruent trials).
Fitzgerald et al., 2013⁶³	8–19	AD, OCD	Group comparison: OCD (n = 17), AD (n = 13) v HC (n = 20)	MSIT	Decreased left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in AD and OCD compared to HC for error minus correct trials (incongruent trials only).

OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; AD = anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia and specific phobia; CBT = cognitive behavioral therapy; HC = healthy controls; MSIT = Multisource Interference Task.