Table 5.
Media device ownership and media use as predictors of low cardiorespiratory fitness in English schoolchildren (10–15 years).
| Model1 |
Model2 |
Model3 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p-Value | OR (95%CI) | p-Value | OR (95%CI) | p-Value | |
| Boys | ||||||
| Owning satellite or digital TV receiver | 2.12 (1.31–3.94) |
p = 0.004 |
2.33 (1.42–3.83) |
p = 0.002 |
1.84 (1.04–3.24) |
p = 0.035 |
| Age (years) |
1.20 (0.99–1.45) |
p = 0.068 |
1.20 (0.97–1.49) |
p = 0.089 |
||
| Deprivation (EID) |
0.96 (0.92–1.01) |
p = 0.164 |
0.98 (0.93–1.04) |
p = 0.065 |
||
| Physical activity (PAQ score 1–5) |
0.15 (0.09–0.24) |
p < 0.001 |
||||
| Schools (clusters) |
5.49 (1.77–17.04) |
5.28 (1.71–16.33) |
9.64 (4.46–26.8) |
|||
| Girls | ||||||
| Social media (min·day− 1) | 1.006 (1.001–1.011) |
p = 0.002 |
1.006 (0.999–1.009) |
p = 0.059 |
1.004 (0.998–1.008) |
p = 0.108 |
| Owning desktop computer |
0.38 (0.17–0.90) |
p = 0.027 |
0.37 (0.16–0.89) |
p = 0.026 |
0.54 (0.21–1.40) |
p = 0.199 |
| Age (years) |
1.65 (1.28–2.12) |
p < 0.001 |
1.51 (1.16–1.98) |
p = 0.002 |
||
| Deprivation (EID) |
0.95 (0.88–1.02) |
p = 0.164 |
0.96 (0.89–1.04) |
p = 0.281 |
||
| Physical activity (PAQ score 1–5) |
0.28 (0.16–0.51) |
p < 0.001 |
||||
| Schools (clusters) |
5.60 (2.03–15.4) |
5.54 (1.99–15.4) |
5.16 (1.84–14.5) |
|||
Legend: EID — English Indices of Deprivation; OR — Odd Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CI) — Multilevel mixed Binary logistic regression (Enter) with coefficients reported as adjusted OR (95%CI). OR are for likelihood of low fitness — cardiorespiratory fitness value below cut-offs of Bell et al., (1986). Analysis performed in STATA Version 14.0; with School as random effects factor to adjust for clustering. Referent category — Good Cardiorespiratory Fitness (above cut-offs of Bell et al., 1986) and non-ownership of media devices listed. Social media — Time spent using social media each day, expressed as a continuous variable (min·day− 1). Model2 adjusted for Age (years) and Deprivation (continuous variables). Model2 adjusted for Age, Deprivation and Physical Activity (PAQ-Score, Kowalski et al., 1997). Initial variables selected on the basis of statistically significant linear association with fitness expressed as age- and sex-specific z-score (analysis not shown) and on basis of non-collinearity (VIF < 2.5). All data collected in summer term (May–June) 2014 at n = 6 schools, Essex, UK.