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A-F, Effect of vehicle (0.1% DMSO), the TRPV4 agonists GSK1016790A and 4-αPDD, and hypo-osmotic solution on the activation of guinea pig (Fig 2, A-C) and mouse (Fig 2, D-F) isolated vagus nerve compared with capsaicin as a reference (n = 4-6). G, Activation of human vagus nerve by GSK1016790A (300 nmol/L), 4α-PDD (1 μmol/L), and −80 mOsm (n = 3). Data are presented as means ± SEMs. *Statistical significance (P < .05) compared with relevant control.
