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. 2016 Feb 3;3:211–221. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.01.013
t p β F df p Adj. R2
Total Kid-KINDL score (overall model) 1.35 27, 203 0.12 0.04
Gender 0.36 0.72 0.02
Age (years) − 0.03 0.98 0.00
Number of siblings − 1.43 0.16 − 0.10
SIMD decile rating − 0.90 0.37 − 0.08
Garden (yes/no) 0.19 0.85 0.02
Total outdoor use percent 2.49 0.01** 0.18
Allotment & community growing area − 0.53 0.60 − 0.05
Amenity — business − 0.69 0.49 − 0.08
Amenity — residential − 1.48 0.14 − 0.15
Amenity — transport − 0.56 0.57 − 0.05
Bowling greens 0.29 0.77 0.03
Cemetery − 0.17 0.86 − 0.02
Churchyard 1.01 0.32 0.11
Civic space − 0.34 0.74 − 0.04
Golf courses 0.74 0.46 0.09
Green access routes − 0.49 0.63 − 0.05
Institutional grounds 0.80 0.42 0.09
Open semi-natural 0.51 0.61 0.06
Playing fields 1.85 0.07 0.13
Other sports − 0.68 0.50 − 0.07
Playspace 1.05 0.30 0.09
Private gardens − 0.80 0.43 − 0.10
Public park and garden − 0.83 0.41 − 0.08
School grounds 0.84 0.40 0.08
Tennis courts − 0.24 0.81 − 0.03
Other functional greenspace, e.g. caravan park 0.31 0.76 0.02
Woodland 0.22 0.83 0.02



Physical wellbeing sub-scale (overall model)
Gender 1.72 0.09 0.12 1.15 27, 215 0.29 0.02
Age (years) − 0.92 0.36 − 0.06
Number of siblings − 1.41 0.16 − 0.10
SIMD decile rating − 2.17 0.03* − 0.19
Garden (yes/no) 1.82 0.07 0.14
Total outdoor use percent 0.48 0.63 0.03
Allotment & community growing area 1.26 0.21 0.11
Amenity — business 0.80 0.42 0.09
Amenity — residential − 0.21 0.83 − 0.02
Amenity — transport − 0.27 0.79 − 0.03
Bowling greens 1.30 0.20 0.11
Cemetery − 0.05 0.96 − 0.01
Churchyard 1.47 0.14 0.16
Civic space − 1.00 0.32 − 0.11
Golf courses 1.94 0.05* 0.23
Green access routes 0.13 0.90 0.01
Institutional grounds 0.39 0.70 0.04
Open semi-natural − 0.16 0.87 − 0.02
Playing fields 1.50 0.14 0.10
Other sports 0.68 0.50 0.07
Playspace 0.66 0.51 0.05
Private gardens − 0.32 0.75 − 0.04
Public park and garden − 0.97 0.33 − 0.08
School grounds 1.33 0.19 0.12
Tennis courts − 0.45 0.65 − 0.06
Other functional greenspace, e.g. caravan park 0.55 0.58 0.04
Woodland 0.62 0.53 0.06



Emotional wellbeing sub-scale (overall model) 0.89 27, 216 0.62 − 0.01
Gender − 0.64 0.52 − 0.04
Age (years) 0.21 0.84 0.01
Number of siblings − 1.00 0.32 − 0.07
SIMD decile rating 0.07 0.94 0.01
Garden (yes/no) 1.18 0.24 0.09
Total outdoor use percent 0.41 0.68 0.03
Allotment & community growing area − 1.75 0.08 − 0.16
Amenity — business − 1.63 0.11 − 0.18
Amenity — residential − 0.86 0.39 − 0.09
Amenity — transport − 0.21 0.83 − 0.02
Bowling greens − 0.56 0.58 − 0.05
Cemetery 0.58 0.56 0.07
Churchyard 0.92 0.36 0.10
Civic space − 0.84 0.40 − 0.10
Golf courses − 0.70 0.48 − 0.08
Green access routes − 0.13 0.90 − 0.01
Institutional grounds − 0.19 0.85 − 0.02
Open semi-natural 1.73 0.08 0.21
Playing fields 0.76 0.45 0.05
Other sports − 0.66 0.51 − 0.07
Playspace 0.90 0.37 0.07
Private gardens − 1.37 0.17 − 0.17
Public park and garden − 0.41 0.68 − 0.04
School grounds − 0.43 0.67 − 0.04
Tennis courts − 0.27 0.79 − 0.04
Other functional greenspace, e.g. caravan park − 0.77 0.44 − 0.06
Woodland − 0.34 0.73 − 0.03



Self-esteem sub-scale (overall model) 1.62 27, 212 0.03 0.07
Gender 1.89 0.06 0.12
Age (years) 0.06 0.95 0.00
Number of siblings − 0.29 0.77 − 0.02
SIMD decile rating 0.41 0.68 0.04
Garden (yes/no) − 1.58 0.12 − 0.12
Total outdoor use percent 3.67 0.00** 0.25
Allotment & community growing area − 1.16 0.25 − 0.10
Amenity — business − 1.40 0.16 − 0.15
Amenity — residential − 1.00 0.32 − 0.10
Amenity — transport 0.23 0.82 0.02
Bowling greens − 1.01 0.31 − 0.08
Cemetery 0.28 0.78 0.03
Churchyard − 0.15 0.88 − 0.02
Civic space 0.79 0.43 0.09
Golf courses 0.15 0.88 0.02
Green access routes 0.21 0.84 0.02
Institutional grounds 0.73 0.47 0.08
Open semi-natural 0.65 0.52 0.08
Playing fields 1.23 0.22 0.08
Other sports − 1.34 0.18 − 0.14
Playspace 0.65 0.52 0.05
Private gardens − 0.20 0.84 − 0.02
Public park and garden − 1.12 0.27 − 0.09
School grounds 0.28 0.78 0.02
Tennis courts 0.37 0.71 0.05
Other functional greenspace, e.g. caravan park − 0.25 0.81 − 0.02
Woodland − 0.11 0.91 − 0.01



Family sub-scale (overall model) 0.98 27, 212 0.50 − 0.00
Gender − 0.64 0.52 − 0.04
Age (years) 0.06 0.96 0.00
Number of siblings − 1.06 0.29 − 0.08
SIMD decile rating 0.04 0.97 0.00
Garden (yes/no) − 0.42 0.67 − 0.03
Total outdoor use percent 0.09 0.93 0.01
Allotment & community growing area − 0.59 0.56 − 0.05
Amenity — business − 0.85 0.39 − 0.10
Amenity — residential − 2.00 0.05* − 0.21
Amenity — transport − 1.40 0.16 − 0.13
Bowling greens 0.74 0.46 0.07
Cemetery − 0.70 0.49 − 0.09
Churchyard − 0.30 0.76 − 0.03
Civic space − 0.47 0.64 − 0.06
Golf courses − 0.29 0.78 − 0.03
Green access routes − 0.75 0.45 − 0.07
Institutional grounds 0.70 0.49 0.07
Open semi-natural 0.86 0.39 0.10
Playing fields 0.95 0.35 0.07
Other sports − 0.70 0.49 − 0.07
Playspace 0.49 0.62 0.04
Private gardens − 0.83 0.41 − 0.11
Public park and garden − 0.15 0.88 − 0.01
School grounds 0.67 0.51 0.06
Tennis courts 0.06 0.96 0.01
Other functional greenspace, e.g. caravan park 0.27 0.79 0.02
Woodland 0.01 0.99 0.00



Friends sub-scale (overall model) 0.92 27, 216 0.51 − 0.00
Gender − 0.88 0.38 − 0.06
Age (years) 1.29 0.20 0.09
Number of siblings − 1.68 0.09 − 0.12
SIMD decile rating − 0.72 0.47 − 0.06
Garden (yes/no) 0.00 1.00 0.00
Total outdoor use percent 3.14 0.00** 0.22
Allotment & community growing area − 0.31 0.76 − 0.03
Amenity — business 0.42 0.68 0.05
Amenity — residential − 1.35 0.18 − 0.13
Amenity — transport 0.02 0.98 0.00
Bowling greens 0.87 0.39 0.07
Cemetery − 0.85 0.39 − 0.11
Churchyard 0.06 0.96 0.01
Civic space 0.36 0.72 0.04
Golf courses − 0.22 0.82 − 0.03
Green access routes 0.42 0.68 0.04
Institutional grounds 1.29 0.20 0.14
Open semi-natural − 0.24 0.81 − 0.03
Playing fields 0.89 0.38 0.06
Other sports − 0.96 0.34 − 0.10
Playspace 0.23 0.82 0.02
Private gardens 0.10 0.92 0.01
Public park and garden 0.03 0.98 0.00
School grounds 0.28 0.78 0.02
Tennis courts 0.27 0.79 0.04
Other functional greenspace, e.g. caravan park 1.11 0.27 0.09
Woodland 0.50 0.62 0.05
school sub-scale (overall model) 0.18 27, 218 0.73 − 0.02
Gender − 0.52 0.60 − 0.04
Age (years) − 0.81 0.42 − 0.06
Number of siblings 0.31 0.76 0.02
SIMD decile rating − 0.79 0.43 − 0.07
Garden (yes/no) 1.76 0.08 0.14
Total outdoor use percent 0.43 0.67 0.03
Allotment & community growing area 0.08 0.94 0.01
Amenity — business 0.40 0.69 0.05
Amenity — residential − 0.12 0.90 − 0.01
Amenity — transport 0.14 0.89 0.01
Bowling greens 0.25 0.80 0.02
Cemetery − 0.36 0.72 − 0.05
Churchyard 1.61 0.11 0.17
Civic space 0.32 0.75 0.04
Golf courses 0.70 0.49 0.08
Green access routes − 1.38 0.17 − 0.13
Institutional grounds − 0.25 0.81 − 0.03
Open semi-natural − 1.11 0.27 − 0.13
Playing fields 1.48 0.14 0.10
Other sports 0.01 0.99 0.00
Playspace 0.65 0.52 0.05
Private gardens − 0.73 0.47 − 0.09
Public park and garden 0.60 0.55 0.05
School grounds 0.12 0.90 0.01
Tennis courts − 0.58 0.56 − 0.08
Other functional greenspace, e.g. caravan park 0.23 0.82 0.02
Woodland 0.04 0.97 0.00

p < 0.05.

⁎⁎

p < 0.01.