Table 4.
Longitudinal associations between physical activity (pattern over time) and overweight and obesity (based on multivariable logistic regression) at SAPALDIA 3, 2002/03 and 2010/11, SAPALDIA 2 and 3, Switzerland.
| BMI ≥ 30 at SAP 3 |
WC ≥ 102/≥88 |
WHtR ≥ 0.6 |
BIA % body fat > 25%/>32% |
Weight increase⁎ |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | N | OR | 95% CI | |
| Not adjusted for energy intake at SAP 3 | 2259 | 2843 | 1966 | 3559 | 3787 | ||||||||||
| Remaining active | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Becoming active | 1.11 | 0.47–2.67 | 1.10 | 0.80–1.50 | 0.91 | 0.50–1.68 | 1.09 | 0.88–1.37 | 1.18 | 0.99–1.42 | |||||
| Becoming inactive | 1.66 | 0.67–4.09 | 0.78 | 0.55–1.11 | 0.85 | 0.44–1.62 | 1.31 | 1.01–1.68 | 1.35 | 1.11–1.65 | |||||
| Remaining inactive | 2.78 | 1.23–6.27 | 1.54 | 1.13–2.10 | 2.06 | 1.15–3.69 | 1.60 | 1.28–2.00 | 1.36 | 1.14–1.62 | |||||
| Adjusted for energy intake at SAP3 | 1511 | 1874 | 1299 | 2336 | 2444 | ||||||||||
| Remaining active | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| Becoming active | 1.80 | 0.65–5.00 | 0.91 | 0.62–1.32 | 0.83 | 0.40–1.71 | 1.01 | 0.77–1.33 | 1.23 | 0.98–1.54 | |||||
| Becoming inactive | 2.04 | 0.71–5.89 | 0.84 | 0.53–1.31 | 1.10 | 0.48–2.48 | 1.68 | 1.22–2.31 | 1.42 | 1.10–1.84 | |||||
| Remaining inactive | 2.71 | 1.05–6.98 | 1.40 | 0.95–2.06 | 1.14 | 0.55–2.37 | 1.57 | 1.19–2.08 | 1.38 | 1.10–1.73 | |||||
Note: significant results are in bold.
Abbreviations: BIA, bioelectric impedance analysis; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence intervals; OR, odds ratio; SAP, SAPALDIA (Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Disease in Adults); SAP 3, second follow-up of SAPALDIA; WC, waist circumference; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.
Adjusted for sex, age, nationality (Swiss versus non-Swiss), education (tertiary versus lower), language region (German-, French-, Italian-speaking), BMI at SAP 2, smoking (current versus non-smoker), alcohol intake (less than three times a week versus more), health status (very good, good or not so good/bad).
Weight increase: gaining ≥ 3% of SAP 2 weight between SAP 2 and SAP 3 (compared to gaining less than 3% or losing weight); 3% was chosen based on the distribution of the data (see statistical analysis section).
Categorization of “active”/”inactive”: active: ≥ 150 min/week of moderate activity; inactive: < 150 min/week of moderate activity.
Remaining active: categorized as active both in SAP2 and SAP3.
Becoming active: categorized as inactive in SAP2 and as active in SAP3.
Becoming inactive: categorized as active in SAP2 and as inactive in SAP3.
Remaining inactive: categorized as inactive both in SAP2 and SAP3.