Table 2.

Smoking Topography for Light-to-Moderate Smokers and Heavy Smokers (Mediation Analyses) Among 332 Participants From the Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study, 2012–2014

Mediator and Pathwaya	Light-to-Moderate Smokers (<20 CPD) (n = 185)					P for Heavy Smokers (≥20 CPD) (n = 147)
	P Value	Direct Effects	Indirect Effects	Total Effects	Proportion Mediated
TDPV
1b	<0.001	0.22	0.16	0.38	0.43	0.97
2c	<0.001	0.07	0.12	0.20	0.63	0.38
3d	<0.001	0.003	0.003	0.006	0.48	0.73
TDP
1e	0.05	0.29	0.09	0.38	0.24	0.63
2f	0.03	0.12	0.07	0.20	0.38	0.21
3g	0.04	0.004	0.001	0.006	0.25	0.40

Abbreviations: CPD, cigarettes per day; 3HC, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine; TDP, total daily puffs; TDPV, total daily puff volume; TSNM, total salivary nicotine metabolites.

^a Square-root transformation was applied to cotinine, 3HC, TSNM, TDPV, and TDP in the mediation models.

^b Pathway is CPD → TDPV → cotinine.

^c Pathway is CPD → TDPV → 3HC.

^d Pathway is CPD → TDPV → TSNM.

^e Pathway is CPD → TDP → cotinine.

^f Pathway is CPD → TDP → 3HC.

^g Pathway is CPD → TDP → TSNM.