Table 1.

Summary of the clinical features of our four cases

Case No.	Age/sex	Disease	Operation	Onset time of HPVG	Symptom	Treatment	Outcome
1	70/F	bile duct carcinoma	pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy	POD 5	loss of consciousness	operation	death
2	82/F	gastric carcinoma	total gastrectomy	POD 15	diarrhea	conservative	death
3	81/M	gastric carcinoma	total gastrectomy	POD 12	diarrhea hematemesis	conservative	alive
4	70/M	rectal carcinoma	abdominoperineal resection	POD 14	melena	conservative	alive