Table 2.
Summary of the clinical features of reported cases of HPVG during the most recent 5 years [3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32]
| All cases | 31 | Presence of sepsis | 5 |
| Sex | Presence of shock | 6 | |
| Male | 15 | Treatment | |
| Female | 14 | Conservative | 17 |
| Not mentioned | 2 | Operation | 10 |
| Age | Appendectomy and Hartmann | 1 | |
| <65 | 16 | Gastrojejunostomy | 1 |
| ≥65 | 15 | Hartmann | 1 |
| Past history | Ileocecal resection | 2 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 9 | Jejunum resection | 2 |
| Renal disease | 5 | Fibrotic adhesion resection | 1 |
| Hemodialysis | 3 | Right hemicolectomy | 2 |
| Symptom | Percutaneous drainage | 3 | |
| Abdominal pain | 19 | Not mentioned | 1 |
| Abdominal discomfort | 1 | Outcome | |
| Abdominal distension | 5 | Alive | 22 |
| Vomiting | 8 | Death | 7 |
| Nausea | 2 | Not mentioned | 2 |
| Diarrhea | 2 | Survival time in fetal cases (n = 7) | |
| Fever | 5 | ≤1 day | 2 |
| Asymptomatic | 3 | 1 day<, ≤3 days | 3 |
| Diagnosis (investigation) | 3 days<, ≤7 days | 1 | |
| CT | 29 | ≤7 days | 1 |
| Abdominal radiography | 2 | ||
| Ultrasonography | 3 | ||
| Autopsy | 1 | ||
| Cases undergone some interventions | |||
| before development of HPVG | 14 | ||
| Right hemicolectom | 1 | ||
| PEG | 1 | ||
| CT-guided liver biopsy | 1 | ||
| Gastrointestinal endoscopy | 1 | ||
| Endoscopic balloon dilatation | 1 | ||
| ERCP for bile duct stones | 1 | ||
| Angiogram for AMI | 1 | ||
| IABP | 1 | ||
| Dialysis | 1 | ||
| Allo-PBSCT | 1 | ||
| Gefitinib, sorafenib, bevacizumab | 3 | ||
| Budesonide for Crohn's disease | 1 |