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. 2016 Jul;186(7):1874–1889. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.03.010

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The effects of recombinant Delta-like ligand 4 (rDll4) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), hepatocytes, and Kupffer cells (KCs). A: rDll4 does not affect expression of collagen 1α1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-Sma) in HSCs: real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to quantify mRNA levels of collagen 1α1 and α-Sma in primary mouse HSCs (day 3 after primarily isolating from mouse liver) with or without 5 ng/mL transforming growth factor (Tgf)-β/or 500 ng/mL rDll4 incubation. B: rDll4 does not affect Tgf-β– and tumor necrosis factor (Tnf)-α–mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro. Caspase3 activity was measured in primary mouse hepatocytes with or without 20 ng/mL TNF-α/TGF-β for 48 hours. C: Primary mouse KCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 16 hours before they received rDll4 incubation for 6 hours. qPCR was performed to quantify mRNA levels of chemokines in KCs. D: JS-1 cells were treated with LPS for 16 hours before they received rDll4 incubation for 6 hours. qPCR was performed to quantify mRNA levels of chemokine ligand (Ccl)2 in JS-1 cells. All in vitro experiments were repeated at least three times. Data are presented as means ± SEM (A–D). ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01. PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.