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. 2016 Apr 28;5(2):14. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics5020014

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A simplified view of cytoplasmic and membrane-related steps of PG biosynthesis. The concerted action of MurA and MurB generates the initial precursor, UDP-N-acetyl muramic acid (UDP-NAM). Mur ligases (C–F) catalyze the stepwise addition of a pentapeptide to UDP-N-acetyl muramic acid (UDP-NAM). MraY anchors the UDP-NAM-pentapeptide unit to the inner membrane through an undecaprenyl phosphate carrier lipid, forming lipid I. MurG participates in the formation of the final peptidoglycan building block (Lipid II), which is then flipped to the periplasm by flippases. C: cytoplasm; IM: inner membrane; PG: peptidoglycan layer. Cytoskeletal elements are not shown for simplicity. PDB codes of molecules depicted here: MurA (1NAW); MurB (1MBT); MurC (1J6U); MurD (4BUC); MurE (4BUB); MurF (3ZL8); MurG (1F0K); MraY (4J72).