Figure 3. Cellular immune responses in mice immunized with epitope vaccines targeting Aβ (AV-1959R), tau (AV-1980R), and Aβ/tau (dual-epitope vaccine: AV-1953R or mixture of AV-1959R and AV-1980R).

Numbers of IFN-γ (a) and IL-4 (b) producing T cells were calculated by ELISpot in splenocyte cultures obtained from experimental and control animals. (c) Proliferation of cells was detected by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay in the same splenocyte cultures and expressed as stimulation index. Cellular immune responses in control group were at the background level (INF-γ⁺ and IL-4⁺ SFCs were <15, and stimulation index was <1.6). Bars represent average ± SD (n = 8 per group).