| cfu | Colony-forming unit |
| DIC | Differential interference contrast microscope |
| PH | Phase-contrast microscope |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| EDX | Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy |
| STEM | Scanning transmission electron microscopy |
| HAADF | High angle annular dark-field |
| HRETM | High-resolution transmission electron microscopy |
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