Table 2.
Ion Channels | Effects and numbers of rapid estrogen actions | Referencesb | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | Subtype | ↑a | ↓ | -- | others | Total | |
K+ | BK | 35 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 50 | [3, 7, 16, 17, 24, 29, 32, 36-56] // [1, 13, 44, 57-62] // [63, 64] // [65]. |
Kdr (or Kr) | 1 | 13 | 1 | 0 | 15 | [19, 35, 66-76]. | |
KATP | 7 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 15 | [28, 77-89]. | |
Kir | 1 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 13 | [66, 71, 73, 74, 90-97]. | |
KA | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 10 | [63, 68, 73, 74, 76, 91, 98-100] | |
GIRK | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | [101-105] | |
Kv | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 4 | [9, 32, 35] | |
hERG | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | [106-109] | |
KCNQ1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | [107, 108, 110, 111] | |
Misc | 6 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 14 | [6, 57, 58, 91, 97, 112-118]. | |
Total | 50 | 72 | 12 | 1 | 135 | ||
Ca2+ | Ca-L | 7 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 37 | [12, 21, 34, 119-122]/[6, 14, 22, 63, 66, 123-141]/[51, 88]. |
T-type | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 5 | [6, 141, 142] // [22] | |
N-type | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 | [143] // [22, 126]. | |
Cav | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 9 | [5, 61, 84, 144-149]. | |
[Ca++]i | 11 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 18 | [10, 11, 18, 30, 33, 86, 114, 150-153] // [15, 28, 148, 154-156] // [157] | |
Ca2+ influx | 6 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9 | [23, 158-162] // [26, 163, 164]. | |
Misc | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 10 | [2, 84, 165-168] // [72, 169, 170]. | |
Total | 30 | 57 | 4 | 0 | 91 | ||
Na+ | All | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 12 | [75, 171] // [31, 66, 68, 73, 97, 107, 108, 172, 173]. |
Cl- | All | 2 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 8 | [174, 175] // [66, 111, 176-178] // [66]. |
Ligand-gated | KAR | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | [8, 179-181]. |
nAChR | 1 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 5 | [4, 182-184]. | |
NMDAR | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | [8, 25, 144, 185-187]. | |
5-HT3R | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | [172, 182] | |
AMPAR | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | [181] | |
P2X3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | [188, 189]. | |
GABAAR | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | [190, 191] | |
Total | 9 | 9 | 3 | 2 | 23 |
symbols: ↑, denote increase, activation; ↓, reduction, inhibition, blockade; --, no significant effect; others, undefined modulation.
References for different effects are presented in order in different clusters separated by //.