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. 2016 Jun 8;6(6):160067. doi: 10.1098/rsob.160067

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© 2016 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 4. — Metal ion-exchanged single silk fibres strained to fracture. (a) The average force–elongation profiles of fibres exchanged with the indicated metal ion then pulled to fracture (solid lines). The average fracture forces and strains are indicated by the symbol and ±1 s.d. by the shaded ellipses. n = 5 for each metal ion. Shading in the inset shows the standard deviations in the pseudo-yield region from 0% to 35% elongation. (b) The initial pre-yield stiffness and final stiffness just before failure are represented in units of force over strain. (c) The total energy absorbed before failure is reported per unit length of the fibre. In (b) and (c) the colours are the same as in panel (a).