Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in four groups (serum samples).
| Variables | EC, n=129 | AD, n=156 | PD, n=79 | Stroke, n=83 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, means±s.d. | 71.7±9.6 | 70.8±15.2 | 68.6±8.0 | 69.8±9.9 | 0.272 |
| Education, years, means±s.d. | 11.5±3.9 | 8.2±4.2 | 10.7±4.7 | 11.1±4.1 | 0.568 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 53 (41.1) | 83 (53.2) | 43 (54.4) | 39 (47.0) | 0.145 |
| MMSE score, means±s.d. | 28.0±2.0 | 13.6±6.7 | 26.0±3.8 | 27.0±3.8 | <0.001 |
| CDR score, means±s.d. | 0.0±0.0 | 2.0±1.2 | 0.2±0.5 | 0.1±0.2 | <0.001 |
| ADL score, means±s.d. | 20.8±2.2 | 48.1±19.4 | 23.0±6.9 | 32.0±8.5 | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 30 (23.2) | 28 (17.9) | 19 (24.1) | 22 (26.5) | 0.278 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 55 (42.6) | 54 (34.6) | 23 (29.1) | 32 (38.5) | 0.228 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 14 (10.9) | 32 (20.5) | 6 (8.1) | 10 (12.0) | 0.047 |
| ApoEɛ4 carrier, n (%) | 30 (23.3) | 63 (40.4) | — | — | 0.002 |
| Heterozygote, n (%) | 30 (23.3) | 51 (32.7) | — | — | 0.079 |
| Homozygote, n (%) | 0.0 (0.0) | 12 (7.7) | — | — | 0.001 |
| Serum Aβ40 (pg ml−1), means±s.d. | 60.2±34.7 | 86.2±55.5 | — | — | <0.001 |
| Serum Aβ42 (pg ml−1), means±s.d. | 49.3±27.7 | 68.4±61.9 | — | — | 0.001 |
| Serum total tau (pg ml−1), means±s.d. | 181.0±103.2 | 227.1±102.2 | — | — | <0.001 |
| Serum ptau181 (pg ml−1), means±s.d. | 107.1±57.8 | 150.8±57.70 | — | — | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; ADL, activities of daily living; CDR, clinical dementia rating; EC, elderly controls without neurologic disorders; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; PD, Parkinson disease.